Photochemistry and Radical Chemistry under Low Intensity Visible Light Sources: Application to Photopolymerization Reactions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Novel Strategy
- (i)
- high intensity light sources (e.g., a few W/cm² with a Hg lamp or focused laser beams) as the high amount of IS easily counterbalances the loss due to the oxygen quenching reactions;
- (ii)
- highly viscous media (viscosities > 1000 cp) where the diffusion rate constant kdiff and accordingly all bimolecular rate constants level off: this means that the oxygen quenching of radicals is therefore slowed down;
- (iii)
- thick samples; in thin samples, a very fast re-oxygenation is observed in the course of the photopolymerization, leading to a higher oxygen inhibition.
2.2. Performance of the Novel Photoinitiating Systems
2.3. Development of Light Harvesting Photoinitiators
2.4. Design of Systems Generating Silyl Radicals
2.5. Photoredox Catalysis in Photopolymerization Reactions Using Cheap and Non-Toxic Metal Complexes
(a) Copper and iron complexes as cheap or lower toxicity photocatalysts
(b) The photoredox catalysis using novel organophotocatalysts
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Steady State Photolysis Experiment
3.2. Redox Potentials
3.3. ESR Spin Trap** (ESR-ST) Experiment
3.4. Photopolymerization Experiments
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Lalevée, J.; Morlet-Savary, F.; Dietlin, C.; Graff, B.; Fouassier, J.-P. Photochemistry and Radical Chemistry under Low Intensity Visible Light Sources: Application to Photopolymerization Reactions. Molecules 2014, 19, 15026-15041. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190915026
Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Dietlin C, Graff B, Fouassier J-P. Photochemistry and Radical Chemistry under Low Intensity Visible Light Sources: Application to Photopolymerization Reactions. Molecules. 2014; 19(9):15026-15041. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190915026
Chicago/Turabian StyleLalevée, Jacques, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Céline Dietlin, Bernadette Graff, and Jean-Pierre Fouassier. 2014. "Photochemistry and Radical Chemistry under Low Intensity Visible Light Sources: Application to Photopolymerization Reactions" Molecules 19, no. 9: 15026-15041. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190915026