Eliminating the Heart from the Curcumin Molecule: Monocarbonyl Curcumin Mimics (MACs)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structural Diversity
2.1. 2D Diversity
2.2. 3D Diversity
3. Inflammation Control in Vitro and in Vivo by MACs
3.1. NF-κB/TNF-α
3.2. 5-LOX/COX-2
4. Cancer Mediation in Vitro and in Vivo by MACs
4.1. In Vitro Probes of Cancer Cell Lines and Signaling Factors
4.2. In Vivo Cancer Models, Tumor Growth and Regression: MACs
5. Bacterial Growth
6. Tuberculosis
7. Alzheimer’s Disease
8. Malaria
9. Summary
Acknowledgments
Abbreviation
MACs | monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin |
Aβ | amyloid β |
AD | Alzheimer’s Disease |
AKT | protein kinase B |
ALR | aldose reductase |
AP-1 | the activator protein 1 |
ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
COX-2 | cyclooxygenase |
DNMT | DNA methyltransferase |
ERK | extracellular-signal regulated kinase |
HIF | hypoxia inducible factor |
HSP | heat shock protein |
HUVEC | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
IL | interleukin |
i.p. | intraperitoneal |
i.v. | intravenous |
JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MID | minimum inhibitory concentration |
MTD | maximum tolerance dose |
MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
LOX | lipoxygenase |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NCI | National Cancer Institute |
NF-κB | nuclear factor κB |
NO | nitric oxide |
NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
ODC | ornithine decarboxylase |
p38 | stress-activated protein kinase |
PGE | prostaglandine E |
p.o. | per os (by mouth) |
RAW264.7 | mouse macrophage-like cell line |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SAR | structure-activity relationship |
STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
TB | tuberculosis |
TF | tissue factor |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
TPA | 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate |
VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
VHL | von Hippel-Lindau |
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
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Shetty, D.; Kim, Y.J.; Shim, H.; Snyder, J.P. Eliminating the Heart from the Curcumin Molecule: Monocarbonyl Curcumin Mimics (MACs). Molecules 2015, 20, 249-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010249
Shetty D, Kim YJ, Shim H, Snyder JP. Eliminating the Heart from the Curcumin Molecule: Monocarbonyl Curcumin Mimics (MACs). Molecules. 2015; 20(1):249-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010249
Chicago/Turabian StyleShetty, Dinesh, Yong Joon Kim, Hyunsuk Shim, and James P. Snyder. 2015. "Eliminating the Heart from the Curcumin Molecule: Monocarbonyl Curcumin Mimics (MACs)" Molecules 20, no. 1: 249-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20010249