Identification of Larvicidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Echinops grijsii Roots against the Three Species of Mosquitoes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Essential Oil Chemical Composition
2.2. Isolated Bioactive Compounds
2.3. Larvicidial Activity
3. Experimental
3.1. General
3.2. Plant Material and Essential Oil
3.3. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
3.4. Bioassay-Directed Fractionation
3.5. Insects
3.6. Larvicidal Activity Bioassays
3.7. Isolated Constituent Compounds
3.8. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peak No | Compound | RRI a | RI b | Percent Composition |
---|---|---|---|---|
Monoterpenoids | 22.63 | |||
1 | α-Pinene * | 939 | 939 | 0.89 |
2 | β-Pinene * | 978 | 980 | 3.92 |
3 | β-Myrcene * | 990 | 991 | 1.94 |
4 | 1,8-Cineole * | 1031 | 1033 | 5.56 |
5 | cis-β-Ocimene | 1038 | 1037 | 5.01 |
6 | Artemisia ketone | 1064 | 1062 | 0.89 |
7 | Linalool * | 1098 | 1097 | 1.54 |
8 | Carvone * | 1243 | 1242 | 2.88 |
Sesquiterpenoids | 25.96 | |||
9 | β-Cubebene | 1388 | 1388 | 0.97 |
10 | β-Maaliene | 1411 | 1411 | 0.29 |
11 | Caryophyllene * | 1420 | 1418 | 3.84 |
12 | α-Santalene | 1424 | 1424 | 0.52 |
13 | cis-Thujopsene | 1427 | 1429 | 0.96 |
14 | α-Bergamotene | 1433 | 1436 | 0.42 |
15 | α-Caryophyllene | 1453 | 1455 | 0.84 |
16 | cis-β-Farnesene | 1458 | 1457 | 4.71 |
17 | cis-β-Guaiene | 1485 | 1488 | 0.50 |
18 | α-Selinene | 1494 | 1493 | 1.66 |
19 | Virdiflorene | 1497 | 1497 | 1.06 |
20 | α-Bulnesene | 1505 | 1505 | 0.95 |
21 | β-Bisabolene | 1506 | 1509 | 0.46 |
22 | δ-Cadinene | 1524 | 1524 | 2.32 |
23 | Spathulenol | 1578 | 1576 | 1.56 |
24 | Caryophyllene oxide * | 1583 | 1581 | 3.53 |
25 | τ-Cadinol | 1642 | 1640 | 0.25 |
26 | trans-α-Bergamotol | 1714 | - | 1.12 |
Thiophenes | 47.62 | |||
27 | 5-(3-Buten-1-yn-1-yl)-2,2’-bithiophene | 1941 | 1935 | 27.63 |
28 | 5-(4-Isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2’-bithiophene | 2062 | - | 2.34 |
29 | α-Terthienyl | 2243 | 2240 | 14.95 |
Others | 2.32 | |||
30 | Eugenol * | 1356 | 1356 | 1.54 |
31 | Methyleugenol * | 1403 | 1401 | 0.78 |
Total identified | 98.53 |
Insects | Treatment * | LC50 (μg/mL) | LC95 (μg/mL) | Slope ± SD | χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(95% CL) | (95% CL) | |||||
Aedes albopictus | Essential oil | 2.65 | 4.65 | 5.23 ± 0.52 | 17.79 | 0.0001 |
(2.54–2.71) | (4.17–5.42) | |||||
5-BBT | 0.34 | 0.72 | 4.63 ± 0.43 | 8.05 | 0.0179 | |
(0.29–0.39) | (0.66–0.81) | |||||
5-IBT | 0.45 | 0.66 | 7.67 ± 0.66 | 7.84 | 0.0214 | |
(0.38–0.49) | (0.61–0.75) | |||||
α-T | 1.41 | 2.19 | 6.72 ± 0.61 | 7.71 | 0.0212 | |
(1.33–1.60) | (1.89–2.41) | |||||
Rotenone | 3.75 | 9.45 | 4.12 ± 0.65 | 9.11 | 0.0001 | |
(3.55–3.98) | (8.65–10.32) | |||||
Anopheles sinensis | Essential oil | 3.43 | 5.67 | 6.78 ± 0.63 | 11.09 | 0.0089 |
(3.11–3.69) | (5.04–6.21) | |||||
5-BBT | 1.36 | 1.93 | 8.47 ± 0.67 | 12.03 | 0.0121 | |
(1.27–1.45) | (1.75–2.09) | |||||
5-IBT | 5.36 | 11.26 | 3.97 ± 0.37 | 13.64 | 0.0219 | |
(4.64–6.09) | (10.21–12.05) | |||||
α-T | 1.79 | 2.54 | 8.38 ± 0.76 | 12.19 | 0.0154 | |
(1.67–1.91) | (2.36–2.81) | |||||
Rotenone | 1.25 | 2.24 | 2.37 ± 0.18 | 16.21 | 0.0033 | |
(1.07–1.33) | (2.01–2.45) | |||||
Culex pipiens pallens | Essential oil | 1.47 | 2.21 | 7.18 ± 0.67 | 5.71 | 0.0577 |
(1.34–1.52) | (1.99–2.48) | |||||
5-BBT | 0.12 | 0.18 | 6.64 ± 0.59 | 8.69 | 0.0182 | |
(0.09–0.14) | (0.16–0.21) | |||||
5-IBT | 0.33 | 0.54 | 5.81 ± 0.56 | 13.41 | 0.0129 | |
(0.26–0.41) | (0.47–0.63) | |||||
α-T | 1.38 | 2.15 | 6.65 ± 0.66 | 13.29 | 0.0193 | |
(1.69–1.49) | (1.88–2.35) | |||||
Rotenone | 1.88 | 3.74 | 5.33 ± 0.51 | 11.67 | 0.0044 | |
(1.63–1.93) | (3.51–4.03) |
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Zhao, M.P.; Liu, Q.Z.; Liu, Q.; Liu, Z.L. Identification of Larvicidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Echinops grijsii Roots against the Three Species of Mosquitoes. Molecules 2017, 22, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020205
Zhao MP, Liu QZ, Liu Q, Liu ZL. Identification of Larvicidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Echinops grijsii Roots against the Three Species of Mosquitoes. Molecules. 2017; 22(2):205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020205
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Mei **, Qi Zhi Liu, Qiyong Liu, and Zhi Long Liu. 2017. "Identification of Larvicidal Constituents of the Essential Oil of Echinops grijsii Roots against the Three Species of Mosquitoes" Molecules 22, no. 2: 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020205