An Evolving Technology That Integrates Classical Methods with Continuous Technological Developments: Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Classification
2.1. Classical Types
2.1.1. Agar Diffusion
2.1.2. Direct Bioautography
2.1.3. Agar Overlay Bioautography
2.2. Novel Types
2.2.1. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography
2.2.2. D-TLC Bioautography
3. Detection Technique
3.1. Ex Situ Detection Technology
3.1.1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
3.1.2. Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry
3.1.3. Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
3.2. In Situ Detection Technology
3.2.1. Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry
3.2.2. Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
4. Biological Applications
4.1. Screening of Antimicrobial Compounds
4.1.1. Screening of Antibacterial Compounds
4.1.2. Screening of Antifungal Compounds
4.1.3. Screening of Antitumor Components
4.4. Other Applications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Bräm, S.; Wolfram, E. Recent Advances in Effect-directed Enzyme Assays based on Thin-layer Chromatography. Phytochem. Anal. 2017, 28, 74–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deranieh, R.M.; Joshi, A.S.; Greenberg, M.L. Thin-Layer Chromatography of Phospholipids. Methods Mol. Biol. 2013, 1033, 21–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Abramson, D.; Blecher, M. Quantitative Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography of Natu-Rally Occurring Phospholipids. J. Lipid Res. 1964, 5, 628–631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sytar, O.; Bośko, P.; Živčák, M.; Brestic, M.; Smetanska, I. Bioactive Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Properties of the Grains and Sprouts of Colored Wheat Genotypes. Molecules 2018, 23, 2282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dinakaran, S.K.; Sujiya, B.; Avasarala, H. Profiling and determination of phenolic compounds in Indian marketed hepatoprotective polyherbal formulations and their comparative evaluation. J. Ayurveda Integr. Med. 2018, 9, 3–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramallo, I.A.; Salazar, M.O.; Furlan, R.L.E. Enzymatic Bioautographic Methods. Methods Mol. Biol. 2019, 2089, 179–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ciesla, L.; Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M.; Wojtunik-Kulesza, K.; Hajnos, M. Thin-layer chromatography coupled with biological detection to screen natural mixtures for potential drug leads. Phytochem. Lett. 2015, 11, 445–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fischer, R.; Lautner, H. Zum papierchromatographischen Nachweis von Penicillinpräparaten. Arch. Pharm. 1961, 294, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glavind, J.; Holmer, G. Thin-layer chromatographic determination of antioxidants by the stable free radical α,α’-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 1967, 44, 539–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kiely, J.S.; Moos, W.H.; Pavia, M.R.; Schwarz, R.D.; Woodard, G.L. A silica gel plate-based qualitative assay for acetylcholinesterase activity: A mass method to screen for potential inhibitors. Anal. Biochem. 1991, 196, 439–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Raschetti, R.; Vivanti, A.J.; Vauloup-Fellous, C.; Loi, B.; Benachi, A.; De Luca, D. Synthesis and systematic review of reported neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sidorenko, Y.; Reichl, U. Structured model of influenza virus replication in MDCK cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2004, 88, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abiri, R.; Abdul-Hamid, H.; Sytar, O.; Abiri, R.; de Almeida, E.B.; Sharma, S.; Bulgakov, V.; Arroo, R.; Malik, S. A Brief Overview of Potential Treatments for Viral Diseases Using Natural Plant Compounds: The Case of SARS-CoV. Molecules 2021, 26, 3868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Srivastava, A.K.; Kumar, A.; Misra, N. On the Inhibition of COVID-19 Protease by Indian Herbal Plants: An in Silico Inves-tigation. ar** technique for tyrosinase inhibitor detection. Biomed. Chromatogr. 2006, 21, 94–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taibon, J.; Ankli, A.; Schwaiger, S.; Magnenat, C.; Boka, V.-I.; Simões-Pires, C.; Aligiannis, N.; Cuendet, M.; Skaltsounis, A.-L.; Reich, E.; et al. Prevention of False-Positive Results: Development of an HPTLC Autographic Assay for the Detection of Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Planta Med. 2015, 81, 1198–1204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Girard, E.; Bernard, V.; Minic, J.; Chatonnet, A.; Krejci, E.; Molgó, J. Butyrylcholinesterase and the control of synaptic responses in acetylcholinesterase knockout mice. Life Sci. 2007, 80, 2380–2385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Camps, P.; Gómez, E.; Muñoz-Torrero, D.; Font-Bardia, M.; Solans, X. Synthesis of diastereomeric 13-amido-substituted huprines as po-tential high affinity acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2003, 59, 4143–4151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cavin, A.-L.; Hay, A.-E.; Marston, A.; Stoeckli-Evans, H.; Scopelliti, R.; Diallo, D.; Hostettmann, K. Bioactive Diterpenes from the Fruits of Detariummicrocarpum. J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69, 768–773. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ellman, G.L.; Courtney, K.; Andres, V.; Featherstone, R.M. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961, 7, 88–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rhee, I.K.; van de Meent, M.; Ingkaninan, K.; Verpoorte, R. Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Amaryllidaceae using silica gel thin-layer chromatography in combination with bioactivity staining. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 915, 217–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marston, A.; Kissling, J.; Hostettmann, K. A rapid TLC bioautographic method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors in plants. Phytochem. Anal. 2002, 13, 51–54. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Duan, D.; Song, Z.; Yang, M.; Li, S. Modified TLC bioautographic method for screening acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plant extracts. J. Sep. Sci. 2009, 32, 3257–3259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ramallo, I.A.; Garcia, P.; Furlan, R.L.E. A reversed-phase compatible thin-layer chromatography autography for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J. Sep. Sci. 2015, 38, 3788–3794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Szwajgier, D.; Borowiec, K. Phenolic acids from malt are efficient acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. J. Inst. Brew. 2012, 118, 40–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salazar, M.O.; Viarengo, G.; Sciara, M.I.; Kieffer, P.M.; Véscovi, E.G.; Furlan, R.L.E. A Thin-layer Chromatography Autographic Method for the Detection of Inhibitors of the Salmonella PhoP-PhoQ Regulatory System. Phytochem. Anal. 2013, 25, 155–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ložienė, K.; Švedienė, J.; Paškevičius, A.; Raudonienė, V.; Sytar, O.; Kosyan, A. Influence of plant origin natural α-pinene with different enantiomeric composition on bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Fitoterapia 2018, 127, 20–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Snyder, E.R.; Savitske, B.J.; Credille, B.C. Concordance of disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and whole-genome sequencing for determination of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2020, 34, 2158–2168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Na, N.; Zhao, M.; Zhang, S.; Yang, C.; Zhang, X. Development of a dielectric barrier discharge ion source for ambient mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 18, 1859–1862. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Na, N.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, M.; Zhang, S.; Yang, C.; Fang, X.; Zhang, X. Direct detection of explosives on solid surfaces by mass spectrometry with an ambient ion source based on dielectric barrier discharge. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 42, 1079–1085. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harper, J.D.; Charipar, N.A.; Mulligan, C.C.; Zhang, X.; Cooks, R.G.; Ouyang, Z. Low-Temperature Plasma Probe for Ambient Desorption Ionization. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 9097–9104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McCullough, B.J.; Patel, K.; Francis, R.; Cain, P.; Douce, D.; Whyatt, K.; Bajic, S.; Lumley, N.; Hopley, C. Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Coupled to a Portable Mass Spectrometer for Rapid Identification of Bulk Drug Seizures. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2020, 31, 386–393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lund, B.W.; Borggaard, C.; Birkler, R.I.D.; Jensen, K.; Støier, S. High throughput method for quantifying androstenone and skatole in adipose tissue from uncastrated male pigs by laser diode thermal desorption-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem. X 2021, 9, 100113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Das, S.; Ray, A.; Nasim, N.; Nayak, S.; Mohanty, S. Effect of different extraction techniques on total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of betelvine and quantification of its phenolic constituents by validated HPTLC method. 3 Biotech 2019, 9, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Teanpaisan, R.; Kawsud, P.; Pahumunto, N.; Puripattanavong, J. Screening for antibacterial and antibiofilm activity in Thai medicinal plant extracts against oral microorganisms. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 2017, 7, 172–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Nickavar, B.; Rezaee, J.; Nickavar, A. Effect-Directed Analysis for the Antioxidant Compound in Salvia verticillata. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. IJPR 2016, 15, 241–246. [Google Scholar]
- Belaqziz, M.; Tan, S.P.; EL Abbassi, A.; Kiai, H.; Hafidi, A.; Donovan, O.O.; McLoughlin, P. Assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different olive processing wastewaters. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0182622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Legerská, B.; Chmelová, D.; Ondrejovič, M.; Miertuš, S. The TLC-Bioautography as a Tool for Rapid Enzyme Inhibitors detection—A Review. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2020, 41, 1–19. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Classification | Carrier | Culture Condition | Range | Sensitivity | Specificity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agar diffusion | Culture medium | Diffusion requires incubation for several hours at 0~4 °C, and culture medium for a certain time at about 37 °C after diffusion | Suitable for broad-spectrum microorganisms | Low | Weak |
Direct bioautography | Thin-layer plate | The incubation temperature is generally slightly higher than room temperature, and the incubation time is 2~3 days. It can also be cultured overnight at about 30 °C, sometimes with light | Fungal spores and certain bacteria that grow directly on thin-layer plates | High | Strong |
Agar overlay bioautography | Thin-layer plate | After agar solidification, the laminates were cultured overnight at about 30 °C | Suitable for broad-spectrum microorganisms, especially for yeast, bacteria, etc. | Low | Weak |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, R.; Wang, Z.; Yang, B.; Kuang, H. An Evolving Technology That Integrates Classical Methods with Continuous Technological Developments: Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography. Molecules 2021, 26, 4647. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154647
Wang M, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Yang B, Kuang H. An Evolving Technology That Integrates Classical Methods with Continuous Technological Developments: Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography. Molecules. 2021; 26(15):4647. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154647
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Meng, Yirong Zhang, Ruijie Wang, Zhibin Wang, Bingyou Yang, and Haixue Kuang. 2021. "An Evolving Technology That Integrates Classical Methods with Continuous Technological Developments: Thin-Layer Chromatography Bioautography" Molecules 26, no. 15: 4647. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154647