A Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Separators towards Enhanced Safety Performances and Modelling Approaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Study of Separators
2.1. Numerical Methods
2.2. Separator Shutdown
2.2.1. Porous Structure
2.2.2. Stress Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Requirement |
---|---|
Chemical and electrochemical stabilities | Stable for a long period of time |
Wettability | Wet out quickly and completely |
Mechanical property | >1000 kg·cm−1 (98.06 MPa) |
Thickness | 20–25 µm |
Pore size | <1 µm |
Porosity | 40–60% |
Permeability (Gurley) | <0.025 s·µm−1 |
Dimensional stability | No curl up and lay flat |
Thermal stability | <5% shrinkage after 60 min at 90 °C |
Shutdown | Effectively shut down the battery at elevated temperatures |
Numerical Method | Model Parameters | Year | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Mathematical model | Bruggeman exponent α | 2003 | [27] |
Tortuosity | 2009 | [19] | |
Distance map, spatial distribution map, and histogram | 2014 | [28] | |
Capacity loss, temperatures, and SOC | 2017 | [29] | |
FEA and CFD | Packing pattern, thickness variation, stress, and viscoelastic relaxation | 2010 | [30] |
Stress distribution, thermal effect, friction, particle radius, separator thickness | 2011 | [31] | |
Principal stresses and Von Mises stress | 2014 | [32] | |
Stress-strain curves and force-displacement curves | 2016 | [33] | |
Porosity ε, tortuosity τ, and effective transport coefficient δ | 2016 | [34] | |
Stress-strain curves, deformed shapes, and pores diameter | 2017 | [35] | |
Strain, stress, node angle, voltage drop, and C-rate | 2018 | [36] | |
Porosity, TP tortuosity, separator thickness, and connectivity density | 2018 | [37] | |
Stress-strain curves | 2019 | [38] | |
Thickness, porosity, energy density, heat generation rate, temperature, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity | 2020 | [39] | |
MD | Tip temperature, current density, and tip aspect ratio | 2011 | [40] |
Li density, SEI thickness, component ratio | 2011 | [41] | |
Free energy, radial distribution functions, and proton transfer coordinate | 2013 | [42] | |
Young’s modulus and density | 2014 | [43] | |
Proton concentration (i.e., CH+) | 2016 | [44] | |
Proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity value | 2016 | [45] | |
Temperature, density, heat flux, and thermal conductivity | 2019 | [46] | |
Young’s modulus | 2020 | [47] | |
Interfacial thermal conductance | 2020 | [48] |
Materials | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Poisson’s Ratio | Average Strain (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Polyolefin Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) | 0.2 0.05 | 0.35 | −0.14 −0.035 | [30] |
A homogeneous solid medium | 0.5 | 0.35 | −0.40 | [31] |
PP separator Celgard 2400 | 0.1 | - | - | [32] |
PE microstructure PP microstructure | 1.2 1.5 | 0 | −0.40 | [36] |
PP | In vacuum/In DMC Crystalline fiber: 43.4/46.5 Infinitely long chain fiber: 0.66/0.07 Finite chain fiber: 0.29/0.01 | - | - | [43] |
Cellulose/lignin | Dry/Wet Pure cellu: 3.38/2.50 Lignin 2.5%: 3.90/3.58 Lignin 5%: 4.10/3.25 Lignin 7.5%: 4.23/2.98 Lignin 10%: 4.78/2.88 | - | - | [47] |
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Li, A.; Yuen, A.C.Y.; Wang, W.; De Cachinho Cordeiro, I.M.; Wang, C.; Chen, T.B.Y.; Zhang, J.; Chan, Q.N.; Yeoh, G.H. A Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Separators towards Enhanced Safety Performances and Modelling Approaches. Molecules 2021, 26, 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020478
Li A, Yuen ACY, Wang W, De Cachinho Cordeiro IM, Wang C, Chen TBY, Zhang J, Chan QN, Yeoh GH. A Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Separators towards Enhanced Safety Performances and Modelling Approaches. Molecules. 2021; 26(2):478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020478
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Ao, Anthony Chun Yin Yuen, Wei Wang, Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro, Cheng Wang, Timothy Bo Yuan Chen, ** Zhang, Qing Nian Chan, and Guan Heng Yeoh. 2021. "A Review on Lithium-Ion Battery Separators towards Enhanced Safety Performances and Modelling Approaches" Molecules 26, no. 2: 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020478