Corrosion Inhibition Using Harmal Leaf Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.1.1. Extraction of Harmal Leaves
2.1.2. Preparation of the Specimens
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Characterization of Harmal Leaves
2.2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.2.3. Electrochemical Studies
2.2.4. Electrochemical Impedance Study (EIS)
2.2.5. Potentiodynamic Polarization Study (PDP)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. FT-IR and UV-Visible Spectroscopy of Harmal Extract
3.1.1. FTIR Spectra
3.1.2. UV-Visible Spectra
3.2. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements (EIS)
3.3. Polarization Curve Measurements
3.4. Comparison of IE%
3.5. Inhibition Mechanism and Adsorption Isotherm
3.6. Surface Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
- Bardal, E. Engineering Materials and Processes; Springer: London, UK; Berlin/Heidelerg, Germany, 2004; pp. 5–10. [Google Scholar]
- Koch, G.H.; Brongers, M.P.H.; Thompson, N.G.; Virmani, Y.P.; Payer, J.H. Corrosion Cost and Preventive Strategies in the United States; Federal Highway Administration: Washington, DC, USA, 2002.
- Guo, L.; Qi, C.; Zheng, X.; Zhang, R.; Shen, X.; Kaya, S. Toward understanding the adsorption mechanism of large size organic corrosion inhibitors on an Fe (110) surface using the DFTB method. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 29042–29050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zaferani, S.H.; Sharifi, M.; Zaarei, D.; Shishesaz, M.R. Application of eco-friendly products as corrosion inhibitors for metals in acid pickling processes–A review. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2013, 1, 652–657. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, X.; **, S.; Lihua, H.; Hui, Z.; Qiang, L.; Pijolat, C. La substituted Sr2MnO4 as a possible cathode material in SOFC. J. Power Sources 2008, 179, 96–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haque, J.; Ansari, K.R.; Srivastava, V.; Quraishi, M.A.; Obot, I.B. Pyrimidine derivatives as novel acidizing corrosion inhibitors for N80 steel useful for petroleum industry: A combined experimental and theoretical approach. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2017, 49, 176–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, J.T.; Hu, J.M.; Zhang, J.Q.; Cao, C.N. Studies of impedance models and water transport behaviors of polypropylene coated metals in NaCl solution. Prog. Org. Coat. 2004, 49, 293–301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xue, X.-Z.; Tang, S.; Yue, Y.-B.; Liu, J.-K.; Yang, X.-H. One-step crushing and cladding technology and enhanced anticorrosion activity of Zn3(PO4)2@AlH2P3O10 pigment. J. Alloy. Compd. 2018, 744, 837–848. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meng, F.; Liu, L.; Tian, W.; Wu, H.; Li, Y.; Zhang, T.; Wang, F. The influence of the chemically bonded interface between fillers and binder on the failure behaviour of an epoxy coating under marine alternating hydrostatic pressure. Corros. Sci. 2015, 101, 139–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sayed, A.R.; El-Lateef, H.M.A. Thiocarbohydrazones Based on Adamantane and Ferrocene as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors for Hydrochloric Acid Pickling of C-Steel. Coatings 2020, 10, 1068. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ali, A.I.; Mahrousb, Y.S. Corrosion inhibition of C-steel in acidic media from fruiting bodies of Melia azedarach L extract and a synergistic Ni2+ additive. RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 23687–23698. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Park, K.; Chang, B.-Y.; Hwang, S. Correlation between Tafel Analysis and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy by Prediction of Amperometric Response from EIS. ACS Omega 2019, 4, 19307–19313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Karunanithi, B.T.; Chellappa, J. Adsorption and inhibition properties of Tephrosia Purpurea as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulphuric acid solution. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. 2019, 40, 1441–1450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhardwai, N.; Prasad, D.; Haldhar, R. Study of the Aegle marmelos as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Medium: Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J. Bio-Tribo-Corros. 2018, 4, 61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Riggs, O.L., Jr. Corrosion Inhibitors; Nathan, C.C., Ed.; NACE: Houston, TX, USA, 1973. [Google Scholar]
- Martinez, S.; Metikoš-Huković, M. A nonlinear kinetic model introduced for the corrosion inhibitive properties of some organic inhibitors. J. Appl. Electrochem. 2003, 33, 1137–1142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hosseini, M.; Mertens, S.F.L.; Arshadi, M.R. Synergism and antagonism in mild steel corrosion inhibition by sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate and hexamethylenetetramine. Corros. Sci. 2003, 45, 1473–1489. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rudresh, H.B.; Mayanna, S.M. Adsorption of n-Decylamine on Zinc from Acidic Chloride Solution. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1977, 124, 340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Asadi, N.; Ramezanzadeh, M.; Bahlakeh, G.; Ramezanzadeh, B. Utilizing Lemon Balm extract as an effective green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl solution: A detailed experimental, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo and quantum mechanics study. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 2019, 95, 252–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Harmal Extract ppm | RS Ω cm2 | Rct Ω cm2 | ZCPE µΩ−1 sn cm−2 | n | Cdl μF/cm2 | θ | IE% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 15.43 | 7.37 ± 1 | 519.2 | 0.877 | 238.6 | - | - |
20.79 | 18.26 | 11.18 ± 2 | 396.5 | 0.851 | 153.5 | 0.340 | 34.0 |
41.49 | 13.18 | 13.63 ± 2 | 356.9 | 0.852 | 141.6 | 0.459 | 45.9 |
62.11 | 17.88 | 16.37 ± 2 | 328.0 | 0.846 | 126.6 | 0.549 | 54.9 |
82.65 | 16.87 | 42.16 ± 4 | 144.3 | 0.840 | 54.74 | 0.825 | 82.5 |
204.1 | 16.90 | 59.32 ± 5 | 164.5 | 0.788 | 47.32 | 0.876 | 87.6 |
283.4 | 17.54 | 83.40 ± 7 | 148.2 | 0.804 | 50.77 | 0.912 | 91.2 |
625.0 | 15.98 | 102.25 ± 10 | 134.4 | 0.768 | 36.74 | 0.928 | 92.8 |
826.5 | 18.14 | 121.20 ± 13 | 118.8 | 0.796 | 40.00 | 0.939 | 93.9 |
Harmal Extract ppm | RS Ω cm2 | Rf Ω cm2 | ZCPEf µΩ−1s n cm−2 | nf | Rct Ω cm2 | ZCPE µΩ−1s n cm−2 | n | Rf + Rct | Cdl μF/cm2 | θ | IE% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3.83 | 5.98 | 359.06 | 1.00 | 1.37 ± 1 | 1150.79 | 0.800 | 7.35 | 229.01 | - | - |
20.79 | 4.29 | 10.00 | 292.22 | 0.906 | - | - | 0.145 | - | - | - | - |
41.49 | 3.21 | 3.10 | 49,090 | 0.409 | 11.31 ± 2 | 248.46 | 0.926 | 14.41 | 155.36 | 0.879 | 87.9 |
62.11 | 4.53 | 16.11 | 311.12 | 0.853 | 0.68 ± 1 | - | 1.00 | 16.78 | - | - | - |
82.65 | 4.23 | 15.81 | 274.72 | 0.795 | 25.71 ± 3 | 122.50 | 0.996 | 41.52 | 120.35 | 0.947 | 94.7 |
204.1 | 4.16 | 14.00 | 460.91 | 0.708 | 44.03 ± 4 | 108.33 | 0.937 | 58.03 | 76.15 | 0.969 | 96.9 |
283.4 | 4.21 | 7.96 | 1269.35 | 0.625 | 73.70 ± 8 | 98.33 | 0.904 | 81.65 | 58.58 | 0.981 | 98.1 |
625.0 | 4.00 | 23.94 | 268.35 | 0.727 | 75.61 ± 7 | 96.16 | 0.915 | 99.54 | 60.87 | 0.982 | 98.2 |
826.5 | 4.48 | 29.27 | 418.94 | 0.704 | 89.38 ± 9 | 94.89 | 0.916 | 118.65 | 61.27 | 0.985 | 98.5 |
Harmal Extract ppm | RS Ω cm2 | Rf Ω cm2 | ZCPEf µΩ−1s n cm−2 | nf | Rct Ω cm2 | ZCPE µΩ−1 s n cm−2 | n | W mS s1/2 | Cdl μF/cm2 | θ | IE% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3.78 | 0.60 | 4207.3 | 1.00 | 6.82 ± 1 | 308.7 | 1.00 | 11.47 | 308.73 | - | - |
20.79 | 4.51 | 7.83 | 221.2 | 0.975 | 3.97 ± 1 | - | 0.358 | 8.858 | - | - | - |
41.49 | 3.24 | 10.38 | 234.3 | 0.946 | 3.80 ± 1 | - | 0.999 | 9.442 | - | - | - |
62.11 | 4.41 | 13.01 | 236.9 | 0.924 | 3.87 ± 1 | - | 0.969 | 8.784 | - | - | - |
82.65 | 4.11 | 24.63 | 140.0 | 1.00 | 16.91 ± 2 | 113.0 | 0.931 | 4.915 | 71.08 | 0.597 | 59.7 |
204.1 | 4.07 | 40.15 | 115.0 | 0.957 | 17.80 ± 2 | 214.8 | 0.828 | 3.623 | 67.59 | 0.617 | 61.7 |
283.4 | 4.09 | 58.11 | 115.4 | 0.944 | 23.27 ± 3 | 194.4 | 0.907 | 2.310 | 111.74 | 0.707 | 70.7 |
625.0 | 3.94 | 12.59 | 226.0 | 0.786 | 86.87 ± 8 | 82.6 | 0.916 | 4.479 | 52.52 | 0.922 | 92.2 |
826.5 | 4.44 | 24.76 | 389.3 | 0.731 | 93.75 ± 9 | 89.2 | 0.925 | 7.970 | 60.53 | 0.927 | 92.7 |
Harmal Extract ppm | icor mA cm−2 | Ecor (V) vs. SCE | βc mV dec−1 | βa mV dec−1 | θ | IE% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 12.70 | −642.9 | −580.9 | 794.4 | 0.000 | 0.0 |
20.79 | 12.60 | −583.3 | −610.5 | 712.8 | 0.008 | 0.8 |
41.19 | 12.41 | −607.1 | −474.1 | 690.7 | 0.023 | 2.3 |
62.11 | 10.00 | −666.7 | −480.7 | 705.1 | 0.213 | 21.3 |
82.65 | 9.06 | −761.9 | −423.1 | 808.1 | 0.286 | 28.6 |
204.10 | 8.12 | −785.7 | −390.8 | 791.1 | 0.361 | 36.1 |
283.40 | 6.32 | −738.0 | −364.1 | 680.2 | 0.502 | 50.2 |
513.83 | 6.02 | −785.7 | −294.1 | 758.1 | 0.526 | 52.6 |
625.00 | 6.65 | −812.5 | −309.7 | 791.8 | 0.477 | 47.7 |
826.50 | 6.45 | −785.7 | −340.9 | 748.5 | 0.493 | 49.3 |
CHarmal (ppm) This Work | IE% | CPsidium Guajava (ppm) [22] | IE% | CTephrosia purpurea (ppm) [63] | IE% | CAegle marmelos (ppm) [64] | IE% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | - | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | ||
20.79 | - | 20 | 15 | 50 | 56.3 | 100 | 68.05 |
41.49 | 87.9 | 50 | 21 | 100 | 65.2 | 200 | 72.21 |
62.11 | - | 200 | 49 | 150 | 77.7 | 300 | 74.45 |
82.65 | 94.7 | 400 | 80 | 200 | 89.4 | 400 | 76.69 |
204.1 | 96.9 | 800 | 82 | 250 | 91.3 | 500 | 81.85 |
283.4 | 98.1 | 1200 | 82 | 300 | 92.5 | - | - |
625.0 | 98.2 | - | - | 350 | 91.1 | - | - |
826.5 | 98.5 | - | - | 400 | 90.9 | - | - |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Al Otaibi, N.; Hammud, H.H. Corrosion Inhibition Using Harmal Leaf Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor. Molecules 2021, 26, 7024. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227024
Al Otaibi N, Hammud HH. Corrosion Inhibition Using Harmal Leaf Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor. Molecules. 2021; 26(22):7024. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227024
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl Otaibi, Nasreen, and Hassan H. Hammud. 2021. "Corrosion Inhibition Using Harmal Leaf Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor" Molecules 26, no. 22: 7024. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227024