Relationships between X-ray Diffraction Peaks, Molecular Components, and Heat Properties of C-Type Starches from Different Sweet Potato Varieties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. X-ray Diffraction Peaks of C-Type Starches
2.2. Molecular Components of C-Type Starches
2.3. Heat Properties of C-Type Starches
2.4. Principal Component Analysis of Molecular Components and Heat Properties of C-Type Starches
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials
3.2. Isolation of Starch
3.3. Measurement of Starch–Iodine Absorption and Amylose Content
3.4. Molecular Weight Distribution Analysis of Starch
3.5. Chain Length Distribution Analysis of Amylopectin
3.6. Crystalline Structure Analysis of Starch
3.7. Thermal Property Analysis of Starch
3.8. Measurement of Swelling Power and Water Solubility of Starch
3.9. Pasting Property Analysis of Starch
3.10. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
3.11. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Accession ID | RI of Diffraction Peak (Counts) | RC of Diffraction Peak (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RI5.6° | RI15° | RI23° | RC5.6° | RC15° | RC17–18° | RC23° | RCTotal | |
SY192 | 146 ± 9 a | 716 ± 6 d | 592 ± 2 f | 1.23 ± 0.18 a | 3.50 ± 0.10 d | 9.70 ± 0.14 de | 8.35 ± 0.28 b | 22.84 ± 0.31 cd |
SY6 | 115 ± 7 b | 761 ± 1 bc | 617 ± 4 e | 0.74 ± 0.08 b | 3.63 ± 0.12 cd | 9.27 ± 0.01 e | 8.15 ± 0.22 b | 21.96 ± 0.46 d |
SY148 | 80 ± 1 c | 751 ± 2 c | 639 ± 2 d | 0.56 ± 0.08 bc | 3.94 ± 0.06 bc | 11.17 ± 0.01 bc | 8.35 ± 0.40 b | 24.23 ± 0.65 bc |
SY175 | 79 ± 2 c | 778 ± 3 bc | 676 ± 5 c | 0.46 ± 0.04 bc | 3.71 ± 0.21 cd | 10.21 ± 0.25 d | 9.77 ± 0.08 a | 24.21 ± 0.41 bc |
SY4 | 69 ± 2 c | 788 ± 12 b | 706 ± 8 b | 0.34 ± 0.05 cd | 4.40 ± 0.01 a | 10.88 ± 0.08 c | 9.02 ± 0.28 ab | 24.84 ± 0.28 ab |
SY19 | 67 ± 4 c | 751 ± 15 c | 708 ± 3 b | 0.33 ± 0.10 cd | 4.16 ± 0.10 ab | 11.50 ± 0.33 ab | 9.69 ± 0.20 a | 25.93 ± 0.45 a |
Kokei 14 | 38 ± 3 d | 826 ± 6 a | 727 ± 5 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 d | 4.20 ± 0.12 ab | 11.92 ± 0.13 a | 9.10 ± 0.41 ab | 25.49 ± 0.34 ab |
Sig. | 0.558 | 0.906 | 0.547 | 0.516 | 0.713 | 0.830 | 0.275 | 0.723 |
Accession ID | OD620/550 | AAC (%) | TAC (%) | Components of Isoamylase-Debranched Starch | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AM (%) | AP-L (%) | AP-S (%) | AP-S/L | ||||
SY192 | 1.208 ± 0.011 a | 21.8 ± 0.2 c | 14.7 ± 0.3 d | 20.7 ± 0.1 a | 21.5 ± 0.2 c | 57.8 ± 0.3 ab | 2.69 ± 0.04 a |
SY6 | 1.203 ± 0.018 ab | 20.2 ± 0.3 c | 15.2 ± 0.7 d | 19.3 ± 1.0 ab | 23.8 ± 0.7 ab | 56.9 ± 0.3 abc | 2.39 ± 0.06 b |
SY148 | 1.186 ± 0.001 abc | 28.5 ± 0.2 a | 17.2 ± 0.5 bc | 19.9 ± 0.6 ab | 23.9 ± 0.1 ab | 56.3 ± 0.5 bcd | 2.36 ± 0.01 b |
SY175 | 1.146 ± 0.015 d | 29.2 ± 1.3 a | 17.7 ± 0.7 bc | 19.8 ± 0.2 ab | 25.1 ± 0.1 a | 55.1 ± 0.3 d | 2.19 ± 0.02 b |
SY4 | 1.220 ± 0.018 a | 21.5 ± 1.0 c | 16.2 ± 0.1 cd | 19.5 ± 0.3 ab | 22.2 ± 0.1 bc | 58.3 ± 0.3 a | 2.62 ± 0.01 a |
SY19 | 1.160 ± 0.012 cd | 25.7 ± 0.8 b | 18.2 ± 0.4 ab | 18.7 ± 0.4 b | 25.3 ± 0.9 a | 56.0 ± 0.5 cd | 2.21 ± 0.10 b |
Kokei 14 | 1.169 ± 0.019 bcd | 28.3 ± 0.2 a | 19.7 ± 0.4 a | 19.7 ± 0.3 ab | 24.2 ± 1.1 ab | 56.2 ± 0.9 bcd | 2.33 ± 0.14 b |
Sig. | 0.787 | 0.156 | 0.925 | 0.871 | 0.440 | 0.810 | 0.331 |
Accession ID | DP6-12 (%) | DP13-24 (%) | DP25-36 (%) | DP > 36 (%) | ACL (DP) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SY192 | 25.1 ± 0.5 a | 44.0 ± 0.6 e | 13.9 ± 0.1 a | 17.0 ± 0.1 ab | 23.5 ± 0.1 ab |
SY6 | 23.5 ± 0.2 b | 45.7 ± 0.4 d | 13.0 ± 0.2 b | 17.7 ± 0.4 ab | 23.7 ± 0.1 ab |
SY148 | 20.2 ± 0.5 d | 48.9 ± 0.3 a | 12.7 ± 0.1 b | 18.1 ± 0.7 ab | 24.1 ± 0.4 ab |
SY175 | 21.1 ± 0.1 cd | 46.2 ± 0.3 cd | 13.8 ± 0.1 a | 18.8 ± 0.4 a | 24.6 ± 0.2 a |
SY4 | 22.4 ± 0.7 bc | 49.0 ± 0.6 a | 13.0 ± 0.1 b | 15.6 ± 1.4 b | 22.9 ± 0.7 b |
SY19 | 20.3 ± 0.4 d | 48.4 ± 0.4 ab | 12.8 ± 0.1 b | 18.4 ± 0.7 a | 24.3 ± 0.3 a |
Kokei 14 | 21.4 ± 0.3 cd | 47.4 ± 0.1 bc | 13.8 ± 0.3 a | 17.5 ± 0.2 ab | 24.0 ± 0.1 ab |
Sig. | 0.438 | 0.467 | 0.066 | 0.583 | 0.924 |
RI5.6° | RI15° | RI23° | RC5.6° | RC15° | RC17–18° | RC23° | RCTotal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OD620/550 | 0.486 | −0.270 | −0.431 | 0.466 | −0.006 | −0.393 | −0.735 | −0.490 |
AAC | −0.613 | 0.370 | 0.436 | −0.521 | 0.175 | 0.614 | 0.524 | 0.574 |
TAC | −0.903 ** | 0.703 | 0.822 * | −0.856 * | 0.571 | 0.855 * | 0.651 | 0.824 * |
AM | 0.530 | −0.306 | −0.578 | 0.635 | −0.533 | −0.346 | −0.448 | −0.447 |
AP-L | −0.566 | 0.329 | 0.471 | −0.601 | 0.144 | 0.376 | 0.615 | 0.440 |
AP-S | 0.409 | −0.232 | −0.272 | 0.400 | 0.123 | −0.263 | −0.548 | −0.301 |
AP-S/L | 0.544 | −0.324 | −0.432 | 0.573 | −0.091 | −0.350 | −0.596 | −0.404 |
DP6-12 | 0.792 * | −0.397 | −0.643 | 0.764 * | −0.547 | −0.734 | −0.570 | −0.731 |
DP13-24 | −0.764 * | 0.424 | 0.676 | −0.752 | 0.864 * | 0.746 | 0.311 | 0.711 |
DP25-36 | 0.161 | 0.161 | −0.068 | 0.209 | −0.385 | −0.179 | 0.160 | −0.128 |
DP > 36 | −0.094 | −0.116 | −0.044 | −0.087 | −0.384 | 0.042 | 0.335 | 0.067 |
ACL | −0.265 | 0.040 | 0.139 | −0.241 | −0.240 | 0.211 | 0.491 | 0.250 |
Accession ID | Thermal Property Parameters | SP (g/g) | WS (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
To (°C) | Tp (°C) | Tc (°C) | ΔT (°C) | ΔH (J/g) | |||
SY192 | 54.4 ± 0.2 f | 65.8 ± 0.7 e | 76.6 ± 1.2 d | 22.2 ± 1.0 b | 12.6 ± 0.3 c | 26.2 ± 0.5 a | 10.4 ± 0.8 b |
SY6 | 57.9 ± 0.1 e | 69.9 ± 0.1 d | 79.9 ± 0.1 c | 22.0 ± 0.1 b | 14.9 ± 0.3 b | 27.1 ± 0.3 a | 10.7 ± 0.6 b |
SY148 | 61.0 ± 0.4 c | 66.8 ± 0.1 e | 79.7 ± 0.1 c | 18.7 ± 0.3 c | 14.7 ± 0.3 b | 27.6 ± 0.4 a | 11.0 ± 0.2 ab |
SY175 | 60.3 ± 0.1 d | 72.5 ± 0.4 c | 84.7 ± 0.6 b | 24.4 ± 0.6 a | 14.7 ± 0.2 b | 24.5 ± 0.4 b | 10.7 ± 0.1 b |
SY4 | 60.3 ± 0.1 d | 74.0 ± 0.3 b | 85.8 ± 0.8 ab | 25.5 ± 0.9 a | 14.4 ± 0.3 b | 26.4 ± 0.4 a | 11.8 ± 0.4 ab |
SY19 | 64.0 ± 0.1 b | 73.6 ± 0.1 b | 84.8 ± 0.4 b | 20.8 ± 0.4 b | 16.8 ± 0.5 a | 26.4 ± 0.9 a | 12.3 ± 0.6 a |
Kokei 14 | 73.8 ± 0.1 a | 80.0 ± 0.1 a | 86.9 ± 0.1 a | 13.1 ± 0.1 d | 16.2 ± 0.1 a | 24.0 ± 0.3 b | 12.4 ± 0.8 a |
Sig. | 0.232 | 0.728 | 0.311 | 0.424 | 0.528 | 0.328 | 0.192 |
Accession ID | PV (mPa·s) | HV (mPa·s) | BV (mPa·s) | FV (mPa·s) | SV (mPa·s) | PTime (min) | PTemp (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SY192 | 5140 ± 19 a | 3062 ± 16 b | 2078 ± 4 b | 3722 ± 48 b | 660 ± 65 b | 4.18 ± 0.08 e | 70.4 ± 0.5 d |
SY6 | 4944 ± 51 b | 3220 ± 59 a | 1724 ± 9 d | 3993 ± 42 a | 773 ± 34 a | 4.31 ± 0.08 d | 73.6 ± 0.5 c |
SY148 | 5152 ± 36 a | 2648 ± 26 c | 2503 ± 14 a | 3148 ± 44 de | 500 ± 35 d | 4.27 ± 0.01 de | 74.2 ± 0.1 c |
SY175 | 4257 ± 52 c | 2579 ± 35 c | 1678 ± 29 d | 3215 ± 27 d | 636 ± 9 bc | 4.82 ± 0.04 a | 76.6 ± 0.1 b |
SY4 | 3651 ± 31 d | 2478 ± 13 d | 1173 ± 18 f | 3100 ± 36 e | 622 ± 23 bc | 4.82 ± 0.04 a | 76.5 ± 0.1 b |
SY19 | 4877 ± 58 b | 3011 ± 42 b | 1867 ± 32 c | 3622 ± 37 c | 611 ± 31 bc | 4.67 ± 0.01 b | 77.1 ± 0.5 b |
Kokei 14 | 3265 ± 50 e | 1789 ± 16 e | 1476 ± 36 e | 2341 ± 20 f | 552 ± 6 cd | 4.56 ± 0.04 c | 81.4 ± 0.1 a |
Sig. | 0.139 | 0.439 | 0.980 | 0.658 | 0.816 | 0.293 | 0.857 |
RI5.6° | RI15° | RI23° | RC5.6° | RC15° | RC17–18° | RC23° | RCTotal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
To | −0.879 ** | 0.819 * | 0.804 * | −0.844 * | 0.631 | 0.827 * | 0.419 | 0.718 |
Tp | −0.834 * | 0.900 ** | 0.902 ** | −0.860 * | 0.682 | 0.635 | 0.597 | 0.670 |
Tc | −0.904 ** | 0.845 * | 0.974 ** | −0.934 ** | 0.784 * | 0.672 | 0.766 * | 0.782 * |
ΔT | 0.458 | −0.424 | −0.280 | 0.378 | −0.201 | −0.599 | 0.097 | −0.333 |
ΔH | −0.793 * | 0.560 | 0.760 * | −0.832 * | 0.596 | 0.679 | 0.543 | 0.682 |
SP | 0.457 | −0.641 | −0.534 | 0.433 | −0.122 | −0.305 | −0.609 | −0.390 |
WS | −0.825 * | 0.608 | 0.883 ** | −0.816 * | 0.879 ** | 0.870 * | 0.490 | 0.862 * |
PV | 0.716 | −0.918 ** | −0.779 * | 0.721 | −0.651 | −0.500 | −0.433 | −0.517 |
HV | 0.779 * | −0.854 * | −0.698 | 0.708 | −0.584 | −0.705 | −0.329 | −0.598 |
BV | 0.397 | −0.672 | −0.601 | 0.486 | −0.501 | −0.095 | −0.400 | −0.246 |
FV | 0.789 * | −0.803 * | −0.691 | 0.703 | −0.601 | −0.759 * | −0.330 | −0.643 |
SV | 0.596 | −0.263 | −0.433 | 0.456 | −0.506 | −0.822 * | −0.226 | −0.690 |
PTime | −0.650 | 0.579 | 0.799 * | −0.702 | 0.608 | 0.377 | 0.857 * | 0.628 |
PTemp | −0.950 ** | 0.907 ** | 0.933 ** | −0.953 ** | 0.721 | 0.770 * | 0.625 | 0.766 * |
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Li, Y.; Zhao, L.; Lin, L.; Li, E.; Cao, Q.; Wei, C. Relationships between X-ray Diffraction Peaks, Molecular Components, and Heat Properties of C-Type Starches from Different Sweet Potato Varieties. Molecules 2022, 27, 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113385
Li Y, Zhao L, Lin L, Li E, Cao Q, Wei C. Relationships between X-ray Diffraction Peaks, Molecular Components, and Heat Properties of C-Type Starches from Different Sweet Potato Varieties. Molecules. 2022; 27(11):3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113385
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yibo, Lingxiao Zhao, Lingshang Lin, Enpeng Li, Qinghe Cao, and Cunxu Wei. 2022. "Relationships between X-ray Diffraction Peaks, Molecular Components, and Heat Properties of C-Type Starches from Different Sweet Potato Varieties" Molecules 27, no. 11: 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113385