Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Beneficial Effects of Aristolochia Genus
2.1. Ethnomedicinal Use
2.2. Phytochemical Studies
2.3. Pharmacological Activity
2.3.1. Anticancer Activity
2.3.2. Antibacterial, Antiparasitic and Antiviral Activity
2.3.3. Antiplatelet Activity
2.3.4. Antioxidant Activity
2.3.5. Neuroprotective Activity
2.4. In Vivo Studies on Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia
2.4.1. Changes in the Estrous Cycle
2.4.2. Antidiabetic Potential
2.4.3. Antifibrotic Activity
2.4.4. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
2.4.5. Snake Anti-Venom Activity
2.4.6. Cancer Treatment
3. Materials and Methods
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wagner, S.T.; Hesse, L.; Isnard, S.; Samain, M.-S.; Bolin, J.; Maass, E.; Neinhuis, C.; Rowe, N.P.; Wanke, S. Major trends in stem anatomy and growth forms in the perianth-bearing piperales, with special focus on Aristolochia. Ann. Bot. 2014, 113, 1139–1154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- ** sickness in four northern provinces of Angola. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2020, 256, 112382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Navarro-García, V.M.; Luna-Herrera, J.; Rojas-Bribiesca, M.G.; Álvarez-Fitz, P.; Ríos, M.Y. Antibacterial activity of Aristolochia brevipes against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2011, 16, 7357–7364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borneo, R.; León, A.E.; Aguirre, A.; Ribotta, P.; Cantero, J.J. Antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants from the province of Córdoba (Argentina) and their in vitro testing in a model food system. Food Chem. 2009, 112, 664–670. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jegadeeswari, P.; Daffodil, E.; Mohan, V.R. Quantification of total phenolics, flavonoid and in vitro antioxidant activity of Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. 2014, 6, 747–752. [Google Scholar]
- Papuc, C.; Crivineanu, M.; Goran, G.; Nicorescu, V.; Durdun, N. Free radicals scavenging and antioxidant activity of european mistletoe (Viscum Album) and European birthwort (Aristolochia clematitis). Rev. Chim. 2010, 61, 619–622. [Google Scholar]
- El Omari, N.; Sayah, K.; Fettach, S.; El Blidi, O.; Bouyahya, A.; Faouzi, M.E.A.; Kamal, R.; Barkiyou, M. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Aristolochia longa extracts. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2019, 2019, 7384735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dade, M.M.; Fioravanti, D.E.; Schinella, G.R.; Tournier, H.A. Total antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content of 21 aqueous extracts obtained from native plants of Traslasierra valley (Argentina). Boletín Latinoam. Caribe Plantas Med. Aromát. 2009, 8, 529–539. [Google Scholar]
- Sulyman, A.O.; Akolade, J.O.; Aladodo, R.A.; Ibrahim, R.B.; Na’Allah, A.; Abdulazeez, A.T. Aristolochia ringens extract ameliorates oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia associated with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2018, 182, 122–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Usman, H.S.; Sallau, A.B.; Salihu, A.; Nok, A.J. Larvicidal assessment of fractions of Aristolochia albida rhizome on culex quinquefasciatus. Trop. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2018, 2, 227–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zamilpa, A.; Abarca-Vargas, R.; Ventura-Zapata, E.; Osuna-Torres, L.; Zavala, M.A.; Herrera-Ruiz, M.; Jiménez-Ferrer, E.; González-Cortazar, M. Neolignans from Aristolochia elegans as antagonists of the neurotropic effect of scorpion venom. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014, 157, 156–160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alonso-Castro, A.J.; Domínguez, F.; Ruiz-Padilla, A.J.; Campos-Xolalpa, N.; Zapata-Morales, J.R.; Carranza-Alvarez, C.; Maldonado-Miranda, J.J. Medicinal plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean considered toxic for humans: The other side of the coin. Evid.-Based Complment. Altern. Med. 2017, 2017, 9439868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Naz, R.; Ayub, H.; Nawaz, S.; Islam, Z.U.; Yasmin, T.; Bano, A.; Wakeel, A.; Zia, S.; Roberts, T.H. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and anti-inflammatory potential of methanolic extracts of four ethnomedicinal plant species from Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2017, 17, 302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Samy, R.P.; Thwin, M.M.; Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Ignacimuthu, S. Ethnobotanical survey of folk plants for the treatment of snakebites in southern part of Tamilnadu, India. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 115, 302–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Usubillaga, A.; Khouri, N.; Cedillo-Vaz, S.; Yibirin, E. Anti-snake venom effect of Aristolochia odoratissima L. aqueous extract on mice. Acta Hortic. 2005, 3, 85–89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wu, T.-S.; Damu, A.G.; Kuo, P.-C. Chemical constituents and pharmacology of Aristolochia species. Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem. 2005, 32, 855–1018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meenatchisundaram, S.; Parameswari, G.; Michael, A. Studies on antivenom activity of Andrographis paniculata and Aristolochia indica plant extracts against Daboia russelli venom by in vivo and in vitro methods. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 2009, 2, 76–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Girija, D.M.; Kalachaveedu, M.; Subbarayan, R.; Jenifer, P.; Rao, S.R. Aristolochia bracteolata enhances wound healing in vitro through anti-inflammatory and proliferative effect on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Pharmacogn. J. 2017, 9, s129–s136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, X.; **, M.; **, C.; Sun, J.; Zhou, W.; Li, G. A new sesquiterpene, a new monoterpene and other constituents with anti-inflammatory activities from the roots of Aristolochia debilis. Nat. Prod. Res. 2020, 34, 351–358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chung, Y.-M.; Chang, F.-R.; Tseng, T.-F.; Hwang, T.-L.; Chen, L.-C.; Wu, S.-F.; Lee, C.-L.; Lin, Z.-Y.; Chuang, L.-Y.; Su, J.-H.; et al. A novel alkaloid, aristopyridinone A and anti-inflammatory phenanthrenes isolated from Aristolochia manshuriensis. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011, 21, 1792–1794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Salomé, D.C.; Cordeiro, N.; Valério, T.S.; Santos, D.; Alves, P.B.; Alviano, C.S.; Moreno, D.S.A.; Fernandes, P.D. Aristolochia trilobata: Identification of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Paulpriya, K.; Tresina, P.S.; Mohan, V.R. Investigation of anti-inflammatory activity of Aristolochia krisagathra Sivarajan and Pradeep. Int. J. Pharm. 2016, 5, 132–135. [Google Scholar]
- Bamisaye, F.A.; Sulyman, A.O.; Ibrahim, R.B.; Yusuf, B.L. Antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens stem bark in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal albino rats. Fountain J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2018, 7, 20–28. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, G.; Shimokawa, S.; Mochizuki, M.; Kumamoto, T.; Nakanishi, W.; Watanabe, T.; Ishikawa, T.; Matsumoto, K.; Tashima, K.; Horie, S.; et al. Chemical constituents of Aristolochia constricta: Antispasmodic effects of its constituents in guinea-pig ileum and isolation of a diterpeno−lignan hybrid. J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1167–1172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bolla, S.R.; Mohammed Al-Subaie, A.; Yousuf Al-**dan, R.; Papayya Balakrishna, J.; Kanchi Ravi, P.; Veeraraghavan, V.P.; Arumugam Pillai, A.; Gollapalli, S.S.R.; Palpath Joseph, J.; Surapaneni, K.M. In vitro wound healing potency of methanolic leaf extract of Aristolochia saccata is possibly mediated by its stimulatory effect on collagen-1 expression. Heliyon 2019, 5, e01648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Pereira, M.; da Silva, T.; Aguiar, A.; Oliva, G.; Guido, R.; Yokoyama-Yasunaka, J.; Uliana, S.; Lopes, L. Chemical composition, antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities of indole alkaloids and benzofuran neolignan of Aristolochia cordigera. Planta Med. 2017, 83, 912–920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koriem, K.M.M.; Shahabudin, R.E.; Jamaludin, R.Z. Aristolochia gehrtii inhibits liver toxicity and apoptosis in Schistosoma malayensis infection. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2014, 7, 685–692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Miao-Miao, B.; De-Jian, H.; Cun-Zhu, D. Nematicidal activity of chemical compositions from Aristolochia tuberosa fruits against root-knot nematode. Redai Yaredai Zhiwu Xuebao 2018, 26, 197–201. [Google Scholar]
- Morais, A.B.B.; Brown, K.S.; Stanton, M.A.; Massuda, K.F.; Trigo, J.R. Are aristolochic acids responsible for the chemical defence of aposematic larvae of Battus polydamas (L.) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)? Neotrop. Entomol. 2013, 42, 558–564. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Defagó, M.T.; Nolli, L.; Díaz Napal, G.; Palacios, S.M. Can the extract of Aristolochia argentina Griseb. affect the foraging decisions of the leaf cutting ant Acromyrmex lundi (Guérin)? Preliminary assays. Int. J. Pest Manag. 2017, 63, 207–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elamin, M.M.; Satti, A.A. Insecticidal and repellent effects of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. against Trogoderma granarium Everts. Int. J. Sci. Innov. Discov. 2012, 2, 9. [Google Scholar]
- Messiano, G.B.; Vieira, L.; Machado, M.B.; Lopes, L.M.X.; de Bortoli, S.A.; Zukerman-Schpector, J. Evaluation of insecticidal activity of diterpenes and lignans from Aristolochia malmeana against Anticarsia gemmatalis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 2655–2659. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- De Pascoli, I.; Nascimento, I.; Lopes, L. Configurational analysis of cubebins and bicubebin from Aristolochia lagesiana and Aristolochia pubescens. Phytochemistry 2006, 67, 735–742. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Baskar, K.; Sasikumar, S.; Muthu, C.; Kingsley, S.; Ignacimuthu, S. Bioefficacy of Aristolochia tagala Cham. against Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2011, 18, 23–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Das, N.G.; Rabha, B.; Talukdar, P.K.; Goswami, D.; Dhiman, S. Preliminary in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Aristolochia griffithii and Thalictrum foliolosum DC extracts against malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. BMC Res. Notes 2016, 9, 51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kazembe, T.; Munyarari, E. Effect of Aristolochia petersiana on the efficacy of fansidar. Cent. Afr. J. Med. 2006, 52, 11–16. [Google Scholar]
- Meela, M.M.; Mdee, L.K.; Masoko, P.; Eloff, J.N. Acetone leaf extracts of seven invasive weeds have promising activity against eight important plant fungal pathogens. S. Afr. J. Bot. 2019, 121, 442–446. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Montiel-Ruiz, R.M.; Córdova-de la Cruz, M.; González-Cortázar, M.; Zamilpa, A.; Gómez-Rivera, A.; López-Rodríguez, R.; Lobato-García, C.E.; Blé-González, E.A. Antinociceptive effect of hinokinin and kaurenoic acid isolated from Aristolochia odoratissima L. Molecules 2020, 25, 1454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Quintans, J.S.S.; Alves, R.S.; Santos, D.A.; Serafini, M.R.; Alves, P.B.; Costa, E.V.; Zengin, G.; Quintans-Júnior, L.J.; Guimarães, A.G. Antinociceptive effect of Aristolochia trilobata stem essential oil and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2yl acetate, its main compound, in rodents. Z. Nat. C 2017, 72, 93–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dar, N.A.; Mittal, D.K. Effect of Ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica on the oestrous cycle of adult rats. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2019, 57, 105–107. [Google Scholar]
- Abhijit, D.; Jitendra, N.D. Aristolochia indica L.: A review. Asian J. Plant Sci. 2011, 10, 108–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shao, W.; Li, D.; Peng, J.; Chen, S.; Zhou, C.; Cheng, Z.; Yu, Y.; Li, H.; Li, C.; You, Y.; et al. Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extract of Aristolochia yunnanensis on cardiac fibrosis through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and transforming growth factor β/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathways. Transl. Res. 2014, 163, 160–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lan-Lan, L.; Wei, L.; Bin-Hua, Z.; Li, C.; Han-Zhuang, W.; Yin-Hong, Z.; Gui-Hua, T.; **an-Zhang, B.; Sheng, Y. (+)-Isobicyclogermacrenal and spathulenol from Aristolochia yunnanensis alleviate cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor β/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathway: Anti-cardiac fibrosis sesquiterpenoids from Aristolochia yunnanensis. Phytother. Res. 2019, 33, 214–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Guinnin, F.D.F.; Sangare, M.M.; Ategbo, J.M.; Sacramento, I.T.; Issotina, Z.A.; Klotoe, J.R.; Attakpa, E. Dramane Evaluation of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of ethanolic extract leaves of Aristolochia albida Duch. against CCl4-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 2017, 7, 264–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gui-Hua, T.; Zi-Wei, C.; Ting-Ting, L.; Min, T.; **ao-Yun, G.; **g-Mei, B.; Zhong-Bin, C.; Zhang-Hua, S.; Gang, H.; Sheng, Y. Neolignans from Aristolochia fordiana prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal death through maintaining the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in HT22 cells. J. Nat. Prod. 2015, 78, 1894–1903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tresina, P.S.; Paulpriya, K.; Mohan, V.R. Evaluation of antiulcer activity of ethanol extracts of Aristolochia krisagathra Sivarajan and Pradeep and Aristolochia bracteata Retz. whole plants in experimental rats. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 1165–1170. [Google Scholar]
- Chitme, H.R.; Malipatil, M.; Chandrashekhar, V.M.; Prashant, P.M. Antiallergic activity of Aristolochia bracteolata Lank in animal model. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2010, 48, 46–52. [Google Scholar]
- Gupta, A.; Prakash, J.; Shinde, B. Immunopharmacological activity of medicinal plants against Aristolochia bracteolate and Phallus impudicus. J. Biomed. Pharm. Res. 2016, 5, 9–15. [Google Scholar]
- Jenifer, P.; Kalachaveedu, M.; Dinesh, G. Wound healing mechanism by the standardized extracts of Acalypha indica and Aristolochia bracteolata on human cell lines. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 2019, 9, 450–458. [Google Scholar]
- Murugan Girija, D.; Ranga Rao, S.Y.; Kalachaveedu, M.; Subbarayan, R. Osteogenic differentiation of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells by Aristolochia bracteolata supplementation through enhanced Runx2 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 2017, 232, 1591–1595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sivakkumar, S.; Iyswarya, S.; Juliet, L.; Ganapathy, G. A review on ingredients of anti-diabetic siddha preparation Naaval Kottai Mathirai. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2019, 55, 69–76. [Google Scholar]
- Sulyman, A.O.; Akolade, J.O.; Sabiu, S.A.; Aladodo, R.A.; Muritala, H.F. Antidiabetic potentials of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia ringens (Vahl.) roots. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2016, 182, 122–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yamauchi, K.; Mitsunaga, T.; Muddathir, A.M. Screening for melanogenesis-controlled agents using sudanese medicinal plants and identification of active compounds in the methanol extract of Terminalia brownii Bark. J. Wood Sci. 2016, 62, 285–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Urzúa, A.; Espinoza, J.; Olguín, Á.; Santander, R. Phenolic aristolactams from leaves and stems of Aristolochia chilensis. Boletín Latinoam. Caribe Plantas Med. Aromát. 2013, 12, 537–542. [Google Scholar]
- Jiménez-Ferrer, J.E.; Pérez-Terán, Y.Y.; Román-Ramos, R.; Tortoriello, J. Antitoxin activity of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine against scorpion poisoning. Phytomedicine 2005, 12, 116–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daoudi, A.; Aarab, L.; Abdel-Sattar, E. Screening of immunomodulatory activity of total and protein extracts of some Moroccan medicinal plants. Toxicol. Ind. Health. 2013, 29, 245–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Derouiche, S.; Khaoula, Z.; Safa, G.; Khelef, Y. Beneficial effects of Aristolochia longa and Aquilaria malaccensis on lead-induced hematological alterations and heart oxidative stress in rats. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2018, 10, 8–15. [Google Scholar]
- Melo, J.P.R.; da Carmara, C.A.G.; Lima, G.S.; Moraes, M.M.; Alves, P.B. Acaricidal properties of the essential oil from Aristolochia trilobata and its major constituents against the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Can. J. Plant Sci. 2018, 98, 1342–1348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sylvie, D.D.; Anatole, P.C.; Cabral, B.P.; Veronique, P.B. Comparison of in vitro antioxidant properties of extracts from three plants used for medical purpose in Cameroon: Acalypha racemosa, Garcinia lucida and Hymenocardia lyrata. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2014, 4, S625–S632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cos, P.; Vlietinck, A.J.; Berghe, D.V.; Maes, L. Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 106, 290–302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, L.; Wang, X.; Chen, J.; Ding, H.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, T.; Hu, L.; Jiang, H.; Shen, X. The natural product aristolactam AIIIa as a new ligand targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1 potently inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2009, 30, 1443–1453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romanov, V.; Whyard, T.C.; Waltzer, W.C.; Grollman, A.P.; Rosenquist, T. Aristolochic acid-induced apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest depends on ROS generation and MAP kinases activation. Arch. Toxicol. 2015, 89, 47–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Q.; Pei, J.; Poon, J.; Lau, A.Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Liu, C.; Huang, L. Worldwide research trends on aristolochic acids (1957–2017): Suggestions for researchers. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0216135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Michl, J.; Kite, G.C.; Wanke, S.; Zierau, O.; Vollmer, G.; Neinhuis, C.; Simmonds, M.S.J.; Heinrich, M. LC-MS- and 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis and in vitro toxicological assessment of 43 Aristolochia species. J. Nat. Prod. 2016, 79, 30–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tang, C.; Chen, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, S.; Ye, S.; Zhao, Z.; Yang, D. Exploring the antibacterial mechanism of essential oils by membrane permeability, apoptosis and biofilm formation combination with proteomics analysis against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 2020, 310, 151435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gertsch, J. How scientific is the science in ethnopharmacology? Historical perspectives and epistemological problems. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009, 122, 177–183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rui, L.; Hong-Chi, Z. Chemical constituents from Aristolochia tagala and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 2020, 90, 104037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Daoudi, A.; Abdel-Satter, E.; Aarab, L. The relationship between lectin compounds and immunomodulatory activities of protein extracted from plants. J. Plant Stud. 2013, 3, 56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Phytochemicals | Species | Plant Part 1 | Extract/Solvent | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins | A. baetica L. | RT | ME | [33] |
Aristolochic acid I | A. baetica L. | RT | CE | [26] |
Saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, carbohydrates | A. bracteolata Lam. | RT | EE | [34] |
Aristolactam I | A. brevipes Benth. | RT | DCME | [76] |
Aristchamic-A | A. championii Merr. & Chun. | RZ | EE | [36] |
β-caryophyllene, iso-caryophyllene, Bicyclogermacrene | A. elegans Mast. | LV | N/A | [54] |
Fargesin, (8R,8′R,9R)-cubebin, eupomatenoid-1 | A. elegans Mast. | RZ | HXE | [39] |
Methylhexadecanoate; hexadecanoic acid; 2-butoxyethyl dodecanoate; ethylhexadecanoate; methyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate, (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid | A. foetida Kunth. | LV, S | DCME | [24] |
β-caryophyllene, limonene, linalool | A. fordiana Hemsl. | AP | Et2O | [29] |
Benzofuranneolignans, (−)-licarin-B, parakmerin A, perseal G, (+)-conocarpan, (7R,8R)-3,4-methylenedioxy-4′,7-epoxy-8,3′-neolignan-7′- [E]-ene, (+)-trans-dehydrodiisoeugenol, decurrenal, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7- methoxy-3-methyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran, eupomatenoid-13, eupomatenoid-7, eupomatenoid-6, eupomatenoid-5 | A. fordiana Hemsl. | AP | EE | [37] |
Dihydrobenzofuran neolignans, 2-aryldihydrobenzofurans, 8-O-4′-neolignan and analogs | A. fordiana Hemsl. | S | EE | [118] |
Flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenes | A. galeata Mart. | RZ | EE | [38] |
Aristolic acid | A. indica L. | RT | CE | [22] |
Aristolochic acid I | A. indica L. | RT | EE | |
Aristolochicacid II | A. indica L. | LV | ME | |
Aristolochicacid D | A. indica L. | RT | ME | |
Aristololactam-I N-β-D-glucoside | A. indica L. | RT | Et2O | |
(12S)-7,12-secoishwaran-12-ol | A. indica L. | RT | Et2O | |
β-sitosterol | A. indica L. | RT | EE | |
(−)-hinokinin | A. indica L. | AP | DCME | |
Aristolactam I | A. indica L. | AP | EAE | |
β-caryophyllene and α-humulene | A. indica L. | AP | N/A | [114] |
Flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, phenol, saponins, terpenoids, amino acid | A. indica L. | LV | CE | [27] |
Alkaloid, anthraquinone, coumarin, flavonoid, phenol, quinone, saponin, steroid, tannin, terpenoid, sugar, glycoside, xanthoprotein | A. krisagathra Sivar. & Pradeep. | WP | EE | [95] |
Linoleic acid chloride | A. longa L. | AP | HXE | [23] |
Oleic acid | A. longa L. | AP | HXE | |
Limonene-6-ol, pivalate | A. longa L. | AP | HXE | |
Starch, tannins | A. longa L. | RT | H2O | [25] |
Tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyans | A. longa L. | RT | ME | |
Polyphenols, flavonoids | A. longa L. | RT | HXE | |
Flavonols, flavones, and/or flavonoid glycosides | A. longa L. | RT | H2O | [50] |
Polyphenols, flavonoids | A. longa L. | RT | H2O | [51] |
Aristolochic acid I | A. maurorum L. | RT | ME | [53] |
Aristolochic acid II | A. maurorum L. | RT | ME | |
Aristolochic acid IIIa | A. maurorum L. | RT | ME | |
2,2,7,7-tetramethyltricyclo [6.2.1.0(1,6)]undec-4-en-3-one, (E)-β-santalolacetate, camphene, spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene | A. mollissima Hance. | RZ | N/A | [30] |
Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, anthraquinones | A. ringens Vahl. | AP | CE | [28] |
Aristolochiaside, aristolactam AIIIa | A. tadungensis T. V. Do & Luu. | S, LV | ME | [35] |
(±)-licarin-A and -B, eupomatenoid-1 and -7 | A. taliscana Hook. & Arn. | RZ | HXE | [55] |
(−)-licarin-A | A. taliscana Hook. & Arn. | RT | HXE | [56] |
(+)-iso-bicyclogermacrenal | A. yunnanensis Franch. | S | EAE | [116] |
Spatulenol | A. yunnanensis Franch. | S | EAE |
Species | Plant Part 1 | Beneficial Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|
A. acuminata Lam. | FT, LV, RT, and S | Abdominal pain, abortifacient, analeptic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, bone fracture, bilious disorders, carminative, diarrhea, dysentery, emmenagogue, health tonic, loss of appetite, antimalarial, muscle relaxant, rheumatism, regulate menstrual disorders, snake bite, stomachache, swollen limbs, stimulate uterine flow, snake and scorpion poison, tumor, venereal disease | [40] |
A. albida Duch. | RT | Larvicide, antiparasitic, snake antivenom | [83] |
A. arcuata Mast. | LV | Hepatoprotection, nephroprotection | [117] |
LV | Protection against insects | [102] | |
A. argentina Griseb. | WP | Antimicrobial | [57] |
WP | Antiseptic, diuretic, emmenagogue, antioxidant | [77] | |
AP | Insecticide | [103] | |
A. baetica L. | RT | Antioxidant, antiproliferative | [33] |
RT and LV | Antiproliferative | [26] | |
A. birostris Duch. | AP | Antimicrobial | [58] |
A. bracteata Retz. | RT | Antimicrobial | [59] |
WP | Antiulcer | [119] | |
WP and RT | Antioxidant | [60,78] | |
A. bracteolata Lam. | WP | Antiallergic | [120] |
FT, LV and RT | Insecticide | [104] | |
WP | Antioxidant, antimicrobial | [73] | |
AP | Anti-inflammatory | [91] | |
LV | Immune effect | [121] | |
AP | Angiogenic | [122] | |
AP | Osteogenic differentiation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells | [123] | |
LV | Antidiabetic | [124] | |
RT | Cytotoxic, antioxidant | [34] | |
AP | Control of melanogenesis | [126] | |
WP, RT and LV | Gastric stimulant treatment, cancer treatment, lungs inflammation dysentery, and snake bite, treatment of malaria, convulsions, abdominal pain, scorpion stings, flu, vomiting, pneumonia, polymenorrhea and edema, fever, headache, general body pain, stomachache, diarrhea, and flu | [21] | |
A. brevipes Benth. | RZ | Antimycobacterial, antidiarrheal, arthritis, wound cleaner, and snake antivenom | [76] |
RZ | Antimycobacterial | [60] | |
A. bodamae Dingler. | RT | Antibacterial, antioxidant | [61] |
A. cathcartii Hook. | LV, RZ, RT, and S | Food poisoning, insect repellent, liver disorders, promotes flow of urine, stomach ailments | [40] |
A. championii Merr. & Chun. | RZ | Cytotoxic | [36] |
A. chilensis Bridges ex Lindl. | S and LV | Antihemorrhagic | [127] |
A. clematitis L. | RZ | Antibacterial, antifungal | [62] |
AP | Antioxidant | [79] | |
A. constricta Griseb. | AP | Antispasmodic | [97] |
A. cordigera Willd. Ex Klotzsch. | S, LV, and RT | Antiprotozoal | [99] |
A. cymbifera Mart. | LV, RT | Antitrypanosomal, antischistosomal | [18] |
A. debilis Siebold & Zucc. | RT | Anti-inflammatory | [92] |
RT | Cytotoxic | [41] | |
A. delavayi Franch. | AP | Antibacterial | [63] |
A. elegans Mast. | RZ | Antiparasitic and antimycobacterial, antibacterial, antitumor, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, snake bites | [39] |
RT | Antitoxin | [128] | |
LV | Antifungal | [110] | |
LV | Antiviral, antibacterial | [54] | |
RT | Scorpion antivenom | [84] | |
A. esperanzae Kuntze. | RT | Antibacterial | [64,65] |
A. fangchi Y. C. Wu ex L. D. Chou & S. M. Hwang. | RT | Cytotoxic | [42] |
A. foetida Kunth. | WP | Snake bite, headache | [85] |
RT | Fever, colds, chills, asthma treatment | [7] | |
LV and S | Cytotoxic | [24] | |
A. fordiana Hemsl. | WP | Cytotoxic | [37] |
WP | Antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant | [29] | |
S | Neuroprotective effect | [118] | |
A. galeata Mart. | RZ | Antibacterial and cytotoxic | [38] |
A. gehrtii Hoehne. | LV | Liver protector and antiparasitic | [100] |
A. griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Duch. | RT | Antimalarial | [108] |
A. gigantea Mart. | RT | Antitrypanosomal | [75] |
A. indica L. | RT | Fertility regulator | [114] |
RT | Antidiarrheal | [17] | |
RT | Cytotoxic | [43] | |
LV | Antibacterial | [66] | |
S and LV | Antibacterial | [67] | |
LV | Anti-inflammatory, poisonous bites, gastric stimulator, skin problems, antidiarrheal, antipyretic, antitussive | [86] | |
LV | Snake bites | [87] | |
WP | Antibacterial | [68] | |
WP, RT, L, FR | Antidote for snake bite, scorpion bite, bee bite, spider bite, blood clotting, leukoderma, skin infection, emollient, headache, leucorrhoea, dandruff, fever, constipation and abdominal colic, abortifacient, blood purifier, cholera, dryness of tongue, dysmenorrhea, watering of eye, gangrene, swelling in leg, stomach burning, pulmonary problems, arthritis, mastitis in animals, hemiplegia, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, larvicidal, antitumor | [22] | |
A. krisagathra Sivar. & Pradeep. | WP | Anti-inflammatory | [95] |
WP | Antiulcer | [119] | |
A. kwangsiensis Chun & F. C. How ex C. F. Liang. | LV | Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | [74] |
A. longa L. | T | Antibacterial, cytotoxic, skin problems, gastrointestinal disorders | [23] |
S | Bronchitis, constipation, rheumatism, bladder diseases | [129] | |
RT | Heart protector | [130] | |
RT and AP | Antibacterial | [69] | |
RT | Antioxidant | [80] | |
RT and AP | Antibacterial, antioxidant | [70] | |
RT | Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic | [25] | |
A. macroura Gomes. | LV | Cytotoxic | [32] |
AP | Antioxidant | [81] | |
A. malmeana Hoehne. | RT and LV | Insecticide | [105] |
A. maurorum L. | RT and AP | Antiplatelet | [53] |
A. mollissima Hance. | RZ and AP | Antibacterial, | [30] |
WP | Cytotoxic | [44] | |
A. manshuriensis Kom. | S | Anti-inflammatory | [93] |
LV | Antibacterial | [71] | |
A. paucinervis Pomel. | RT | Antiproliferative | [33] |
A. petersiana Klotzsch. | RT | Antimalarial | [109] |
A. pubescens Will. ex Duch. | RT and S | Insecticide | [106] |
A. odoratissima L. | LV | Snake antivenom | [88] |
S | Antinociceptive | [111] | |
A. orbicularis Duch. | RT | Antibacterial | [72] |
A. ringens Vahl. | RT | Cytotoxic | [31] |
SB | Antidiarrheal | [96] | |
AP | Antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic | [28,45] | |
RT | Antidiabetic | [82] | |
RT | Antioxidant, antidyslipidemic | [82] | |
A. saccata Wall. | LV, RT, S, and T | Healing of wounds, body pain, diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhage, jaundice, tonsil | [40,98] |
A. tadungensis T. V. Do & Luu. | S and LV | Cytotoxic | [35] |
A. tagala Cham. | RT and LV | Insecticide | [107] |
RT | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer | [46] | |
RT | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer | [47] | |
RT, LV, and WP | Stomach pain, chest pain, fever, poultice in abdomen, skin disease, snake bite, antimalarial, dyspepsia, flatulent, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, gynecological disorders, stimulate the menstrual flow, bone fracture, treatment of cancer | [48] | |
A. taliscana Hook. & Arn. | RZ | Antioxidant, antimicrobial | [52,55] |
RT | Antimycobacterial | [56,60] | |
A. triangularis Cham. | S | Antiproliferative, antibacterial | [49] |
A. trilobata L. | LV | Acaricide | [131] |
S | Antinociceptive | [112] | |
S | Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory | [94] | |
A. tuberosa C. F. Liang & S. M. Hwang. | FT | Antinematode | [101] |
A. yunnanensis Franch. | S | Antifibrosis | [115,116] |
A. zollingeriana Miq. | FT and RT | Expectorant, antitussive, antihistamine, pain reliever, treatment of snake bites | [89] |
Cell Line | IC50 (mg/mL) | Species | Plant Part 1 | Extract/Solvent 2 | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A431 | 0.0280 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | DCME:ME | [31] |
A-549 | 0.0200 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | EE | [31] |
0.0260 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | DCME:ME | ||
0.0755 | A. tadungensis T. V. Do & Luu. | S and LV | ME | [35] | |
BSR | 0.0600 | A. longa L. | AP | DCM | [23] |
0.0180 | A. longa L. | AP | HXE | ||
0.3500 ‡ | A. longa L. | AP | ME | ||
HBL-100 | 0.0400 | A. longa L. | RT | H2O | [50] |
HCT-116 | 0.0220 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | EE | [31] |
0.0195 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | DCME:ME | ||
HeLa | 0.369 ‡ | A. galeata Mart. | RZ | EE | [38] |
0.0300 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | DCME:ME | [31] | |
0.0083 | A. tadungensis T. V. Do & Luu. | S and LV | ME | [35] | |
Hep G-2 | 0.3800 ‡ | A. baetica L. | RT | ME | [33] |
0.0164 | A. ringens Vahl. | AP | CE | [28] | |
0.5130 ‡ | A. macroura Gomes. | LV | ME | [32] | |
HK-2 | 0.1826 ‡ | A. acumiata Lam. | RT | ME | [137] |
>0.2000 ‡ | A. acuminata Lam. | F | |||
0.1574 ‡ | A. argentina Griseb. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. baetica L. | LV | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. californica Torr. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. chamissonis Duch. | LV | |||
0.0478 | A. clematitis L. | SD | |||
0.1633 ‡ | A. clematitis L. | RT | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. cymbifera Mart. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. debilis Siebold & Zucc. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. elegans Mast. | LV | |||
0.0911 | A. elegans Mast. | RT | |||
0.1881 ‡ | A. fangchi Y.C. Wu ex L.D. Chow & S.M. Hwang. | S | |||
0.1272 ‡ | A. grandiflora Sw. | LV | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. guentheri O.C. Schmidt. | LV | |||
0.0854 | A. guentheri O.C. Schmidt. | S | |||
0.1197 ‡ | A. labiata Willd. | LV | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. manshuriensis Kom. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. maurorum L. | LV | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. maxima Jacq. | RT | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. odoratissima L. | LV | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. paucinervis Pomel. | SD | |||
0.1060 ‡ | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. rotunda L. | RT | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. tomentosa Sims. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. trilobata L. | LV | |||
0.1424 ‡ | A. westlandii Hemsl. | S | |||
>0.2000 ‡ | A. zollingeriana Miq. | LV | |||
HT-29 | 0.1000 ‡ | A. baetica L. | RT | ME | [33] |
MCF-7 | 0.2160 ‡ | A. baetica L. | RT | CE | [26] |
0.0191 | A. bracteolata Lam. | RT | EE | [34] | |
0.3470 ‡ | A. indica L. | LV | CE | [27] | |
0.0816 | A. ringens Vahl. | AP | CE | [28] | |
0.0473 | A. foetida Kunth | LV | DCME | [24] | |
0.0459 | A. foetida Kunth | S | DCME | ||
MDA-MB-231 | 0.0970 | A. longa L. | RT | H2O | [50] |
PANC-1 | 0.0826 | A. tadungensis T. V. Do & Luu. | S and LV | ME | [35] |
PC-3 | 0.0030 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | EE | [31] |
0.0120 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | DCME:ME | ||
RD | 0.1254 ‡ | A. longa L. | RT | DCME | [25] |
0.0625 | A. longa L. | RT | ME | ||
0.0151 | A. longa L. | RT | HXE | ||
0.0150 | A. longa L. | AP | DCME | [23] | |
0.2000 ‡ | A. longa L. | AP | ME | ||
T-24 | 0.0480 | A. baetica L. | RT | ME | [33] |
THP-1 | 0.0240 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | EE | [31] |
0.0220 | A. ringens Vahl. | RT | DCME:ME | ||
Vero | 0.2500 ‡ | A. longa L. | AP | DCME | [23] |
0.2500 ‡ | A. longa L. | AP | HXE | ||
0.0151 | A. longa L. | RT | HXE | [25] | |
0.0312 | A. longa L. | RT | DCME | ||
0.1253 ‡ | A. longa L. | RT | ME |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lerma-Herrera, M.A.; Beiza-Granados, L.; Ochoa-Zarzosa, A.; López-Meza, J.E.; Navarro-Santos, P.; Herrera-Bucio, R.; Aviña-Verduzco, J.; García-Gutiérrez, H.A. Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021. Molecules 2022, 27, 3937. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123937
Lerma-Herrera MA, Beiza-Granados L, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Navarro-Santos P, Herrera-Bucio R, Aviña-Verduzco J, García-Gutiérrez HA. Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021. Molecules. 2022; 27(12):3937. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123937
Chicago/Turabian StyleLerma-Herrera, Martín A., Lidia Beiza-Granados, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, Joel E. López-Meza, Pedro Navarro-Santos, Rafael Herrera-Bucio, Judit Aviña-Verduzco, and Hugo A. García-Gutiérrez. 2022. "Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021" Molecules 27, no. 12: 3937. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123937