A Planar Disk Electrode Chip Based on MWCNT/CS/Pb2+ Ionophore IV Nanomaterial Membrane for Trace Level Pb2+ Detection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Morphologies and Feasibility Investigation of the Modified Electrodes
- is the peak current in amperes;
- A is the effective area of the electrode in cm2;
- D is the diffusion coefficient in cm2 · s−1;
- n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction;
- v is the scan rate in V · s−1;
- c is the concentration in mol · cm−3.
2.2. Optimization of Parameters
2.2.1. Optimization of the Deposition Potential
2.2.2. Optimization of the pH Value
2.2.3. Optimization of Deposition Time
2.2.4. Optimization of the Concentrations of MWCNTs, CS and Pb Ionophore IV
2.2.5. Orthogonal Experiment
2.3. Detection of Pb
2.4. Stability and Selectivity
2.5. Real Sample Detection
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Reagents and Apparatus
3.2. Electrochemical Measurements
3.3. Electrode and Microcavity Fabrication
3.4. Preparation of a MWCNT/CS/Pb Ionophore IV Nanocomposite Membrane
3.5. Modification of the MWCNT/CS/Pb Ionophore IV/Au Electrode
3.6. Preparation of Real Samples
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Experiments | MWCNTs /(mg · mL−1) | Lead Ionophore IV /(mg · mL−1) | CS /(%) | Peck Current /(μA) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Experiment 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 11.090 |
Experiment 2 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.25 | 14.260 |
Experiment 3 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 13.240 |
Experiment 4 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 17.330 |
Experiment 5 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 15.770 |
Experiment 6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 14.460 |
Experiment 7 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 12.740 |
Experiment 8 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 14.190 |
Experiment 9 | 2 | 0.9 | 0.25 | 15.580 |
Average | MWCNTs | Average Peck Current | Lead Ionophore IV | Average Peck Current | CS | Average Peck Current |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/(mg · mL−1) | /(μA) | /(mg · mL−1) | /(μA) | /(%) | /(μA) | |
Average I | 1 | 12.863 | 0.5 | 13.720 | 0.2 | 14.147 |
Average II | 1.5 | 15.853 | 0.7 | 14.740 | 0.25 | 15.723 |
Average III | 2 | 14.170 | 0.9 | 14.427 | 0.3 | 13.917 |
Range R | – | 2.990 | – | 1.020 | – | 2.476 |
Method | Linear Range | LOD | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
/(μg · L−1) | /(μg · L−1) | ||
Pt/ISM (9%NC) | 5–10.000 μmol · L−1 | 3.1 μmol · L−1 | [27] |
G/SBDD | 1–100 | 0.21 | [28] |
AuNPs-SPCE | 2–500 | 4.4 | [37] |
Bi2O3@CNTs/GCE | 2–40 | 3.4 | [38] |
IDB/GCE | 20.7–207 | 3.5 | [39] |
PPy/NH2-MIL-53/GCE | 1–400 | 0.31 | [40] |
UIO-66-NH2/GaOOH/GCE | 114–517 | 5.8 | [41] |
MWCNT/CS/Pb/Au | 1–100 | 0.08 | this work |
Seawater | Found | ICP-MS | Added | Found | Recovery | RSD (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | /(μg · L) | /(μg · L) | /(μg · L) | /(μg · L) | /(%) | (n = 3) |
1.86 ± 0.13 | 1.8 | 0 | – | – | – | |
Sample 1 | – | – | 5 | 6.70 ± 0.20 | 96.8% | 3.1% |
– | – | 10 | 11.33 ± 0.50 | 94.7% | 4.4% | |
1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.2 | – | – | – | – | |
Sample 2 | – | – | 5 | 6.49 ± 0.29 | 107% | 4.5% |
– | – | 10 | 10.85 ± 0.56 | 97.1% | 5.1% |
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Zhuang, Y.; Wang, C.; Qu, W.; Yan, Y.; Wang, P.; Qiu, C. A Planar Disk Electrode Chip Based on MWCNT/CS/Pb2+ Ionophore IV Nanomaterial Membrane for Trace Level Pb2+ Detection. Molecules 2023, 28, 4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104142
Zhuang Y, Wang C, Qu W, Yan Y, Wang P, Qiu C. A Planar Disk Electrode Chip Based on MWCNT/CS/Pb2+ Ionophore IV Nanomaterial Membrane for Trace Level Pb2+ Detection. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104142
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuang, Yuan, Cong Wang, Wei Qu, Yirou Yan, ** Wang, and Chengjun Qiu. 2023. "A Planar Disk Electrode Chip Based on MWCNT/CS/Pb2+ Ionophore IV Nanomaterial Membrane for Trace Level Pb2+ Detection" Molecules 28, no. 10: 4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104142