Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. rGO Properties
2.2. Adsorption of Metal Ions
2.3. Adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) and Hydroquinone (HQ)
2.4. Cleaning Waste Water from Paper Photography Processing Operation
3. Experimental Section
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Metal | qmax (mg/g) | KL (mg/L) | RL | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mn(II) | 57.80 | 0.0232 | 0.1773 | 0.9984 |
Cu(II) | 78.12 | 0.0505 | 0.0900 | 0.9965 |
Pb(II) | 243.90 | 0.0086 | 0.3676 | 0.9942 |
Ag(I) | 63.29 | 0.0593 | 0.0777 | 0.9970 |
Fe(II) | 80.64 | 0.0302 | 0.1420 | 0.9983 |
Material | Metal ion | qmax (mg/g) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
RGO/Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles [86] | Pb (II) | 30 | [86] |
RGO-Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanocomposite [97] | Pb (II) | 50 | [97] |
Nickel Ferrite-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite [98,99] | Pb (II) | 120−150 | [98,99] |
Reduced Graphene Oxide aerogel [73] | Pb (II) | 58.04 | [73] |
2-Imino-4-Thiobiuret-Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide (IT-PRGO) [70] | Pb (II) | 102.2 | [70] |
Cu (II) | 37.9 | ||
rGO from algal extracts [100] | Pb (II) | 95 | [100] |
Cu (II) | 90 | ||
rGO (with ethylenediamine) [71] | Pb (II) | 413.34 | [71] |
Cu (II) | 55.34 | ||
Mn (II) | 42.46 | ||
rGO by by Gallic Acid and Sodium Ascorbate | Pb (II) | 243.90 | Present study |
Cu (II) | 78.12 | ||
Mn (II) | 57.83 | ||
Ag (I) | 63.29 | ||
Fe (II) | 80.64 | ||
Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite [102] | Au (III) | 1076.65 | [102] |
Pd (II) | 216.92 | ||
Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite Nanofibrous [101] | Pb (II) | 461.3 | [101] |
Cu (II) | 423.8 | ||
Cr (VI) | 310 |
Methylene Blue | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Langmuir | qmax (mg/g) | KL (mg/L) | RL | R2 |
MB | 238.45 | 0.0164 | 0.3787 | 0.9878 |
Freundlich | Kf | 1/nF | nF | R2 |
MB | 1.381 | 2.19 | 0.4556 | 0.973 |
Hydroquinone at low (HQL) and High (HQH) Ce | ||||
Langmuir | qmax (mg/g) | KL (mg/L) | RL | R2 |
HQL | 51.020 | 0.0067 | 0.5988 | 0.9937 |
HQH | 238.09 | 0.0959 | 0.0944 | 0.7235 |
Freundlich | Kf | 1/nF | nF | R2 |
HQL | 1.229 | 0.277 | 3.607 | 0.9780 |
HQH | 0.834 | 0.709 | 1.408 | 0.9923 |
Adsorbent Material | qmax (mg/g) | Reference |
---|---|---|
Self-assembled graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid [118] | 81.97 | [118] |
Eco-friendly rGO [119] | 121.95 | [119] |
Pineapple peel carboxy methylcellulose-g-poly (acryliccid-co-acrylamide)/graphene oxide hydrogels [120] | 133.32 | [120] |
rGO by hydrazine reduction of GO [121] | 153.85 | [121] |
Alginate modified graphene [122] | 159 | [122] |
Carboxymethyl cellulose/carboxylated graphene oxide composite microbeads [123] | 180.23 | [123] |
Graphene oxide/calcium alginate composites [109] | 181.81 | [109] |
Graphene nanoplatelets [108] | 225 | [108] |
rGO by Gallic Acid and Sodium Ascorbate | 238.45 | Present Study |
GO with high-oxidation degree [110,111] | 600–1635 | [110,111] |
Adsorbent Material | qmax (mg/g) | Reference |
---|---|---|
Organobentonites (ODTMA-B, HDTMA-B) [112] | 12.05–21.55 | [112] |
Iron (Fe) impregnated granular activated carbon (Fe-GAC) [113] | 26.65 | [113] |
Graphene aerogels–mesoporous silica (GAs–MS) [83] | 67 | [83] |
Granular activated carbon (GAC) [114] | 102.3–135.3 | [114] |
rGO by Gallic Acid and Sodium Ascorbate | ~150 | Present Study |
Phragmites australis activated carbon (PAAC) [115] | 156.25 | [115] |
Cationic amino-poly(vinylamine) (PVAm)-functionalized GO-(o-MWCNTs)-Fe3O4 [116] | 293.25 | [116] |
Magnetic cyclodextrin chitosan/graphene oxide (CCGO) [117] | 428.72 | [117] |
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Sarmiento, V.; Lockett, M.; Sumbarda-Ramos, E.G.; Vázquez-Mena, O. Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO. Molecules 2023, 28, 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020649
Sarmiento V, Lockett M, Sumbarda-Ramos EG, Vázquez-Mena O. Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO. Molecules. 2023; 28(2):649. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020649
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarmiento, Viviana, Malcolm Lockett, Emigdia Guadalupe Sumbarda-Ramos, and Oscar Vázquez-Mena. 2023. "Effective Removal of Metal ion and Organic Compounds by Non-Functionalized rGO" Molecules 28, no. 2: 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020649