Dimethyl Bisphenolate Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Genes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Synthesis and Structure of DMB
2.2. Biochemical and Histological Changes in CCl4-Induced Liver Injury through Oxidative Stress
2.3. DMB Ameliorated Biochemical and Histological Changes in CCl4-Induced Liver Injury
2.4. DMB Increased Oxidative Stress-Related Nrf2/GCLC in CCl4-Induced Liver Injury of Rats
2.5. DMB Ameliorated Oxidative Stress Induced by CCl4 to HepG2 and MHCC-97H Cells
2.6. DMB Reversed Cell Apoptosis Induced by CCl4
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. DMB Synthesis
4.2. DMB Structure Analysis
4.3. Rat Model
4.4. Biochemical Indicator Analysis
4.5. Pathological Changes in Liver Tissues
4.6. Detection of MDA and GSH Content
4.7. Prediction of DMB-Related Proteins
4.8. Cell Culture
4.9. MTT Assay
4.10. ROS Content Analysis
4.11. Cell Apoptosis
4.12. Western Blot
4.13. Immunofluorescence Analysis
4.14. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Launches “One Life, One Liver” Campaign on World Hepatitis Day. World Health Organization. 2023. Available online: https://www.who.int/news/item/28-07-2023-who-launches--one-life--one-liver--campaign-on-world-hepatitis-day (accessed on 28 July 2023).
- Sarin, S.K.; Kumar, M.; Eslam, M.; George, J.; Al Mahtab, M.; Akbar, S.M.F.; Jia, J.D.; Tian, Q.J.; Aggarwal, R.; Muljono, D.H.; et al. Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: A Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020, 5, 167–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Andrade, R.J.; Lucena, M.I.; Fernández, M.C.; Pelaez, G.; Pachkoria, K.; García-Ruiz, E.; García-Muñoz, B.; González-Grande, R.; Pizarro, A.; Durán, J.A.; et al. Drug-induced liver injury: An analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period. Gastroenterology 2005, 129, 512–521. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Katarey, D.; Verma, S. Drug-induced liver injury. Clin. Med. 2016, 16 (Suppl. S6), s104–s109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jaeschke, H. Reactive oxygen and mechanisms of inflammatory liver injury. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2000, 15, 718–724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bardallo, R.G.; Panisello-Roselló, A.; Sanchez-Nuno, S.; Alva, N.; Roselló-Catafau, J.; Carbonell, T. Nrf2 and oxidative stress in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. FEBS J. 2022, 289, 5463–5479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, H.A.; Ahmad, M.Z.; Khan, J.A.; Arshad, M.I. Crosstalk of liver immune cells and cell death mechanisms in different murine models of liver injury and its clinical relevance. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int. HBPD INT 2017, 16, s1499–s3872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jobe, M.C.; Mthiyane, D.M.N.; Dludla, P.V.; Mazibuko-Mbeje, S.E.; Onwudiwe, D.C.; Mwanza, M. Pathological Role of Oxidative Stress in Aflatoxin-Induced Toxicity in Different Experimental Models and Protective Effect of Phytochemicals: A Review. Molecules 2023, 28, 5369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kasai, S.; Shimizu, S.; Tatara, Y.; Mimura, J.; Itoh, K. Regulation of Nrf2 by Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Physiology and Pathology. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, C.Y.; Sun, T.T.; Xv, G.P.; Wang, S.S.; Gu, J.G.; Liu, C.Y. Berberine ameliorates CCl4-induced liver injury in rats through regulation of the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE and p53 signaling pathways. Mol. Med. Rep. 2019, 20, 3095–3102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rahman, M.M.; Rahaman, M.S.; Islam, M.R.; Rahman, F.; Mithi, F.M.; Alqahtani, T.; Almikhlafi, M.A.; Alghamdi, S.Q.; Al-ruwaili, A.S.; Hossain, M.S.; et al. Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Pro-spects. Molecules 2021, 27, 233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tian, J.; Li, G.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, S.; Qu, G.; Jiang, W.; Fu, F. ND-309, a novel compound, ameliorates cerebral infarction in rats by antioxidant action. Neurosci. Lett. 2008, 442, 279–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di Paola, R.; Modafferi, S.; Siracusa, R.; Cordaro, M.; D’Amico, R.; Ontario, M.L.; Interdonato, L.; Salinaro, A.T.; Fusco, R.; Impellizzeri, D.; et al. S-Acetyl-Glutathione Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Modulating Oxidative Imbalance and Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, B.; Cui, S.; Mao, B.; Zhang, Q.; Tian, F.; Zhao, J.; Tang, X.; Chen, W. Cyanidin Alleviated CCl(4)-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Regulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 2383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, J.; ** enzyme 2 to promote lung carcinoma proliferation. Cell Death Dis. 2021, 12, 735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, J.; Wang, R.; Sun, W.; Huang, M.; Wang, R.; Li, Y.; Wang, P.; Sun, G.; **e, S. Delivery of miR-320a-3p by gold nanoparticles combined with photothermal therapy for directly targeting Sp1 in lung cancer. Biomater. Sci. 2021, 9, 6528–6541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.R.; Song, D.D.; Liang, D.M.; Li, Y.J.; Yan, Y.F.; Sun, H.F.; Zhang, M.L.; Hu, J.X.; Zhao, Y.L.; Liang, Y.; et al. Oncogenic TRIB2 interacts with and regulates PKM2 to promote aerobic glycolysis and lung cancer cell procession. Cell Death Discov. 2022, 8, 306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wang, R.; Shen, H.; Zhang, J.; Li, X.; Guo, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, P.; **e, N.; Li, Y.; Qu, G.; et al. Dimethyl Bisphenolate Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Molecules 2023, 28, 7989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28247989
Wang R, Shen H, Zhang J, Li X, Guo Y, Zhao Z, Wang P, **e N, Li Y, Qu G, et al. Dimethyl Bisphenolate Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Molecules. 2023; 28(24):7989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28247989
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Rong, Huanhuan Shen, Jiaxiang Zhang, **yan Li, Yang Guo, Zhenjun Zhao, **yu Wang, Ning **e, Youjie Li, Guiwu Qu, and et al. 2023. "Dimethyl Bisphenolate Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Genes" Molecules 28, no. 24: 7989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28247989