Effect of Different Phosphates on Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Carbon Sequestration and Phosphorus Release Performance in Biochar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Biochars
2.2. Carbon Retention of Biochar
2.2.1. Effect of P Addition and Pyrolysis Temperature on C Retention of Biochar
2.2.2. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.2.3. SEM
2.2.4. XRD
2.2.5. FTIR
2.2.6. XPS
2.3. Chemical Stability of C in Biochar
2.4. Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Biochar
2.5. Phosphorus Release
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Material
3.2. Biochar Production
3.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
3.4. Measurement of Biochars Properties
3.5. Measurement of C Stability in Biochar
3.6. Phosphorus Release from Biochar
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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pH | Yield Rate (%) | Ash Content (%) | FC (%) | VS (%) | C (%) | N (%) | O (%) | H (%) | P (%) | H/C | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | 6.95 ±0.06 | - | 11.35 ±0.20 | 6.96 ±0.06 | 81.69 ±0.79 | 41.45 ±0.26 | 1.25 ±0.03 | 15.26 ±0.09 | 5.67 ±0.06 | 0.24 ±0.00 | 1.64 ±0.02 |
CSB300 | 7.51 ±0.08 Ca | 54.41 ±0.87 Ab | 16.98 ±0.11 Bd | 40.75 ±0.19 Ba | 42.27 ±0.28 Aa | 56.10 ±0.31 Ba | 1.82 ±0.02 Ab | 20.40 ±0.13 Ac | 4.35 ±0.05 Aa | 0.47 ±0.01 Bc | 0.93 ±0.01 Abc |
CSB300+K | 6.64 ±0.05 Bb | 62.24 ±0.77 Aa | 39.20 ±0.12 Ba | 28.06 ±0.12 Bc | 32.74 ±0.36 Ab | 40.86 ±0.25 Ab | 1.51 ±0.03 Ac | 24.01 ±0.20 Ab | 3.21 ±0.07 Ab | 7.33 ±0.07 Bb | 0.95 ±0.02 Ab |
CSB300+Ca | 3.55 ±0.07 Bc | 62.68 ±0.28 Aa | 35.88 ±0.25 Bb | 32.94 ±0.20 Bb | 31.18 ±0.40 Ab | 41.38 ±0.21 Ab | 1.44 ±0.02 Ac | 26.12 ±0.23 Aab | 3.05 ±0.02 Ab | 8.46 ±0.06 Ba | 0.88 ±0.01 Ac |
CSB300+N | 2.38 ±0.02 Ad | 64.67 ±0.47 Aa | 27.87 ±0.14 Bc | 38.49 ±0.08 Ba | 33.64 ±0.21 Ab | 42.82 ±0.17 Ab | 4.4 ±0.01 Aa | 28.17 ±0.19 Aa | 4.11 ±0.03 Aa | 8.33 ±0.06 Ba | 1.15 ±0.03 Aa |
CSB500 | 9.23 ±0.05 Ba | 35.13 ±0.19 Bb | 26.13 ±0.13 Ad | 55.64 ±0.27 Aa | 18.23 ±0.19 Bb | 60.05 ±0.30 Aa | 1.54 ±0.03 Bb | 15.95 ±0.12 Bc | 2.72 ±0.04 Ba | 0.73 ±0.01 Ac | 0.54 ±0.00 Ba |
CSB500+K | 7.25 ±0.06 ABb | 45.57 ±0.25 Ba | 51.09 ±0.29 Aa | 35.4 ±0.16 Ac | 13.51 ±0.11 Bc | 37.73 ±0.23 Ac | 1.02 ±0.02 Bc | 21.51 ±0.14 Bb | 1.50 ±0.01 Bc | 10.17 ±0.07 Ab | 0.47 ±0.01 Bb |
CSB500+Ca | 3.90 ±0.03 Ac | 48.40 ±0.20 Ba | 46.49 ±0.24 Ab | 40.92 ±0.21 Ab | 12.59 ±0.09 Bc | 42.61 ±0.18 Aab | 1.46 ±0.03 Ab | 22.08 ±0.20 Bab | 1.32 ±0.01 Bd | 10.90 ±0.08 Aa | 0.37 ±0.01 Bc |
CSB500+N | 2.42 ±0.04 Ad | 49.52 ±0.26 Ba | 35.62 ±0.18 Ac | 41.02 ±0.22 ABb | 23.36 ±0.22 Ba | 45.40 ±0.37 Ab | 3.57 ±0.06 Ba | 23.99 ±0.17 Ba | 1.81 ±0.02 Bb | 11.18 ±0.10 Aa | 0.48 ±0.01 Bb |
CSB700 | 10.17 ±0.11 Aa | 32.18 ±0.31 Bb | 27.54 ±0.18 Ad | 57.06 ±0.16 Aa | 15.40 ±0.16 Bab | 61.54 ±0.45 Aa | 1.27 ±0.04 Cb | 10.98 ±0.08 Cc | 1.83 ±0.01 Ca | 0.79 ±0.03 Ac | 0.36 ±0.02 Ca |
CSB700+K | 7.82 ±0.07 Ab | 42.74 ±0.33 Ba | 52.73 ±0.30 Aa | 35.01 ±0.13 Ac | 12.2 6±0.08 Bb | 38.85 ±0.37 Ad | 0.80 ±0.02 Cc | 19.85 ±0.11 Bb | 0.96 ±0.01 Cc | 10.67 ±0.09 Ab | 0.30 ±0.00 Cb |
CSB700+Ca | 4.04 ±0.03 Ac | 44.63 ±0.25 Ba | 47.73 ±0.26 Ab | 44.92 ±0.14 Ab | 7.35 ±0.06 Cc | 44.89 ±0.30 Ac | 1.24 ±0.02 Bb | 21.15 ±0.13 Bab | 0.84 ±0.02 Cc | 11.88 ±0.11 Aa | 0.22 ±0.01 Cc |
CSB700+N | 2.47 ±0.04 Ad | 45.30 ±0.12 Ba | 36.99 ±0.09 Ac | 45.33 ±0.20 Ab | 17.68 ±0.10 Ca | 48.00 ±0.24 Ab | 3.05 ±0.03 Ca | 23.92 ±0.22 Ba | 1.33 ±0.03 Cb | 11.93 ±0.12 Aa | 0.33 ±0.01 Cab |
C–C/C=C (284.8 eV) | C–O (C-O-P) (285.9 eV) | C=O (286.8 eV) | O–C=O (288.9 eV) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CSB300 | 76.92 | 13.85 | 6.15 | 3.08 |
CSB300+K | 75.76 | 15.15 | 6.06 | 3.03 |
CSB300+Ca | 71.94 | 18.71 | 6.47 | 2.88 |
CSB300+N | 64.10 | 21.79 | 11.54 | 2.56 |
CSB500 | 82.64 | 10.74 | 4.96 | 1.65 |
CSB500+K | 81.97 | 11.48 | 4.10 | 2.46 |
CSB500+Ca | 81.30 | 13.01 | 3.25 | 2.44 |
CSB500+N | 77.52 | 15.50 | 5.43 | 1.55 |
CSB700 | 86.21 | 7.76 | 4.31 | 1.72 |
CSB700+K | 86.96 | 8.70 | 3.48 | 0.87 |
CSB700+Ca | 84.03 | 10.92 | 3.36 | 1.68 |
CSB700+N | 81.97 | 11.48 | 4.92 | 1.64 |
Kinetics Models | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudo-First | Pseudo-Second | Power Function | Elovich | Parabolic Diffusion | |||||||||||
R2 | a | b | R2 | a | k | R2 | a | b | R2 | a | b | R2 | a | b | |
CSB300 | 0.85 | 2.61 | 0.34 | 0.85 | 2.77 | 0.19 | 0.88 | 1.34 | 0.16 | 0.96 | 3.45 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 1.43 | 0.12 |
CSB300+K | 0.47 | 59.18 | 0.27 | 0.70 | 63.14 | 0.01 | 1.00 | 27.78 | 0.18 | 0.97 | 3597.41 | 2.80 × 10−4 | 0.94 | 28.37 | 3.40 |
CSB300+Ca | 0.43 | 42.66 | 2.27 | - | - | - | 0.96 | 35.22 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 181.83 | 0.07 | 0.75 | 36.19 | 0.95 |
CSB300+N | 0.44 | 64.98 | 3.13 | - | - | - | 0.94 | 57.51 | −2.57 | 0.95 | 1082.39 | 0.07 | 0.70 | 58.84 | 0.92 |
CSB500 | 0.58 | 2.75 | 0.78 | 0.76 | 2.97 | 0.34 | 0.98 | 1.70 | 0.14 | 0.95 | 4.82 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 1.82 | 0.09 |
CSB500+K | 0.39 | 54.99 | 0.91 | 0.69 | 59.74 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 35.16 | 0.13 | 0.99 | 696.78 | 15.1 × 10−4 | 0.89 | 36.32 | 2.56 |
CSB500+Ca | 0.57 | 40.40 | 1.58 | - | - | - | 0.93 | 31.07 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 87.46 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 32.12 | 1.13 |
CSB500+N | 0.36 | 74.42 | 2.55 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 62.03 | −4.28 | 0.99 | 170.38 | 0.01 | 0.82 | 63.86 | 1.62 |
CSB700 | 0.63 | 2.50 | 1.41 | 0.86 | 2.63 | 0.80 | 0.92 | 1.88 | 0.09 | 0.96 | 5.28 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 1.90 | 0.09 |
CSB700+K | 0.34 | 77.37 | 1.46 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 56.11 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 1415.30 | 7.36 × 10−4 | 0.85 | 57.96 | 2.82 |
CSB700+Ca | 0.62 | 42.59 | 1.62 | - | - | - | 0.90 | 32.24 | 0.07 | 0.94 | 96.38 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 34.46 | 1.09 |
CSB700+N | 0.22 | 56.28 | 1.73 | - | - | - | 0.99 | 48.17 | −2.86 | 0.99 | 273.24 | 0.06 | 0.84 | 49.30 | 1.10 |
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Bai, T.; Ma, W.; Li, W.; Jiang, J.; Chen, J.; Cao, R.; Yang, W.; Dong, D.; Liu, T.; Xu, Y. Effect of Different Phosphates on Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Carbon Sequestration and Phosphorus Release Performance in Biochar. Molecules 2023, 28, 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093950
Bai T, Ma W, Li W, Jiang J, Chen J, Cao R, Yang W, Dong D, Liu T, Xu Y. Effect of Different Phosphates on Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Carbon Sequestration and Phosphorus Release Performance in Biochar. Molecules. 2023; 28(9):3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093950
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Tianxia, Wenge Ma, Wenhui Li, **ling Jiang, Jiamin Chen, Rui Cao, Wenjie Yang, Dan Dong, Tingwu Liu, and Yonggang Xu. 2023. "Effect of Different Phosphates on Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Carbon Sequestration and Phosphorus Release Performance in Biochar" Molecules 28, no. 9: 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093950