A Review of the Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Echinopsis Radix
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Phytochemicals
3.1. Thiophenes
3.2. Flavonoids
3.3. Caffeoyl Quinic Acids
3.4. Sesquiterpenoids
3.5. Other Compounds
4. Biological Activities
4.1. Anti-Tumor Activity
4.2. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
4.3. Hepatoprotective Activity
4.5. Anti-Bacterial Activity
4.6. Anti-Viral Activity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Name | No. | Name |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-thiophene | 44 | 5-{4-[4-(5-pent-1,3-diynylthiophen-2-yl)-but-3-ynyloxy]-but-1-ynyl}-2,2′-bithiophene |
2 | 2-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-5-(propary-1-ynyl)-thiophene | 45 | Cardopatine |
3 | 2-(3,4-diacetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-thiophene | 46 | Isocardopatine |
4 | 2-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-5-(propary-1-ynyl)-thiophene | 47 | echinbithiophenedimer A |
5 | echinoynethiophene A | 48 | echinbithiophenedimer B |
6 | 2-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-5-(propary-1-ynyl)-thiophene | 49 | echinbithiophenedimer C |
7 | 5-(1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-2-(E)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene | 50 | Quercetin |
8 | 5-(1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-2-(Z)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene | 51 | Rutin |
9 | echinothiophene A | 52 | Hesperidin |
10 | echinothiophene B | 53 | luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucoside |
11 | echinothiophene C | 54 | Apigenin |
12 | 5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 55 | apigenin 7-O-β-d-(6′′-P-coumaroyl)-glucoside |
13 | 5-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 56 | apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucoside |
14 | 5-(4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 57 | apigenin 7-O-β-d-(4′′-P-coumaroyl)-glucoside |
15 | 5-acety-2,2′-bithiophene | 58 | caffeic acid |
16 | 5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 59 | 1,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid |
17 | 5-(3-acetoxy-4-isopentyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 60 | 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid |
18 | 5-(3-hydroxy-4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 61 | methyl 3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid |
19 | 5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 62 | methyl 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid |
20 | 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 63 | 3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid |
21 | 5-(3-hydroxy-3-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 64 | methyl-1-O-methyl 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid |
22 | 5-(3-hydroxy-4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 65 | latifolanone A |
23 | 5-(4-hydroxybut-1-one)-2,2′-bithiophene | 66 | atractylenolide-III; |
24 | 5-(3-acetoxy-4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 67 | echingridimer A |
25 | 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-butyny)-2,2′-bithiophene | 68 | echingriol A |
26 | 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 69 | echingriol B |
27 | 5-formyl-2,2′-bithiophene | 70 | eudesmane K |
28 | methyl-2,2′-bithiophene-5-carboxylate | 71 | nardoeudesmol A |
29 | 2,2′-bithiophene-5-carboxylicacid | 72 | Rhaponticol |
30 | 6-methoxy-arctinol-b | 73 | taraxeryl acetate |
31 | artinol-b | 74 | β-sitosterol |
32 | echinothiophene D | 75 | daucosterol |
33 | echinothiophene E | 76 | ursolic acid |
34 | echinothiophene F | 77 | sanguisorbin-I; |
35 | 2-prop-1-inyl-5′-(2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl)-2,2′-bithiophene | 78 | 3-oxooleanolic acid |
36 | artinol | 79 | Echinothiophene |
37 | artinone-b | 80 | Echinothiophenegenol |
38 | artinol | 81 | 13-propyl-pentacosane |
39 | α-terthienyl | 82 | triacontanoic acid |
40 | 5,5′-dichloro-α-terthienyl | 83 | 1-monolinolein |
41 | 5-chloro-α-terthienyl | 84 | indole-3-carboxylic acid |
42 | 5-acetyl-α-terthienyl | 85 | bis(CE)-hex-2-enyl] carbonate |
43 | 5-hydroxy-α-terthienyl |
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Sun, N.; Wang, Y.; Ma, S.; Kang, H.; Zhou, C.; **, L.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Yuan, Y.; Shu, P. A Review of the Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Echinopsis Radix. Molecules 2024, 29, 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102267
Sun N, Wang Y, Ma S, Kang H, Zhou C, ** L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Shu P. A Review of the Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Echinopsis Radix. Molecules. 2024; 29(10):2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102267
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Na, Yu**g Wang, Shuo Ma, Huanhuan Kang, Caihong Zhou, Linxuan **, **n Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuhan Yuan, and Penghua Shu. 2024. "A Review of the Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Echinopsis Radix" Molecules 29, no. 10: 2267. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102267