Overexpression of the Transcription Factors GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Differentially Regulates Wax and Cutin Biosynthesis, Alters Cuticle Properties, and Changes Leaf Phenotypes in Arabidopsis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation and Identification of Soybean SHINE Homologs
2.2. GmSHN Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Various Organs of Soybean
2.3. Constitutive Expression of GmSHN Genes in Arabidopsis Results in Different Leaf Phenotypes
2.4. GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Proteins Are Localized Primarily in the Nucleus
2.5. Overxpression of GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Induces Epicuticular Wax Accumulation in Transgenic Arabidopsis Leaves
2.6. Overxpression of GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Affects Cuticle Property and Alters Cuticle Composition in Transgenic Arabidopsis Leaves
2.7. Overxpression of GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Induces Expression of Wax and Cutin Biosynthesis Related Genes in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants
3. Discussion
3.1. GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Differentially Regulate the Cuticular Wax Biosynthetic Pathway
3.2. GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Are Involved in the Regulation of Cutin Biosynthesis, Especially Hydroxylation
3.3. GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Are Involved in Regulation of Cuticle Property and Permeability
3.4. GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Are Involved in Regulation of Leaf Development
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
4.2. Identification and Analysis of GmSHN Genes
4.3. RNA Extraction and Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR
4.4. Plasmid Construction
4.5. Plant Transformation and Selection
4.6. Physiological Measurements
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.8. Protein Localization Analysis
4.9. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
4.10. Wax Extraction and Chemical Analysis
4.11. Water Loss Analysis
4.12. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
4.13. Cutin Extraction and Chemical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Xu, Y.; Wu, H.; Zhao, M.; Wu, W.; Xu, Y.; Gu, D. Overexpression of the Transcription Factors GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Differentially Regulates Wax and Cutin Biosynthesis, Alters Cuticle Properties, and Changes Leaf Phenotypes in Arabidopsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040587
Xu Y, Wu H, Zhao M, Wu W, Xu Y, Gu D. Overexpression of the Transcription Factors GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Differentially Regulates Wax and Cutin Biosynthesis, Alters Cuticle Properties, and Changes Leaf Phenotypes in Arabidopsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(4):587. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040587
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Yangyang, Hanying Wu, Mingming Zhao, Wang Wu, Yinong Xu, and Dan Gu. 2016. "Overexpression of the Transcription Factors GmSHN1 and GmSHN9 Differentially Regulates Wax and Cutin Biosynthesis, Alters Cuticle Properties, and Changes Leaf Phenotypes in Arabidopsis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 4: 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040587