Oxidative Imbalance in Endometriosis-Related Infertility—The Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oxidative Stress (OS) as a Cause of Female Fertility Impairment in Endometriosis
3. The Impact of Selected Antioxidants on Endometriosis-Related Infertility
3.1. Antioxidant Vitamins
3.2. Micronutrients
3.2.1. Zinc
3.2.2. Selenium
3.3. Curcumin
3.4. Melatonin
3.5. N-Acetylocysteine (NAC)
3.6. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
3.7. Resveratrol
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Year of Study | Type of Study | Study Groups | Supplemented Vitamins | Dose | Effects of Supplementation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amini et al. [46] | 2021 | randomized controlled trial | 60 patients with endometriosis divided into 2 groups: group 1—30 patients supplemented with vitamins C and E; group 2—30 patients without supplementation | combination of vitamin C and vitamin E | vitamin C at a dose of 1000 mg/day in two equal doses and vitamin E at a dose of 800 IU/day in two equal doses for 8 weeks | -lower serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels |
Santanam et al. [47] | 2013 | randomized placebo-controlled trial | 59 patients with endometriosis divided into 2 groups: group 1—46 patients supplemented with vitamins C and E; group 2—13 patients without supplementation | combination of vitamin C and vitamin E | vitamin C at a dose of 1000 mg/day in two equal doses and vitamin E at a dose of 1200 IU/day in three equal doses for 8 weeks | -lower levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in peritoneal fluid |
Mier-Cabrera et al. [48] | 2008 | randomized controlled trial | 34 patients with infertility and endometriosis divided into 2 groups: group 1—16 patients supplemented with vitamins C and E; group 2—18 patients without supplementation | combination of vitamin C and vitamin E | vitamin C at a dose of 343 mg/day and vitamin E at a dose of 84 mg/day for 6 months | -lower serum MDA and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels |
Mier-Cabrera et al. [49] | 2009 | randomized controlled trial | 72 patients with endometriosis divided into 2 groups: group 1—37 patients supplemented with vitamins C, E, and A; group 2—35 patients without supplementation | vitamins C, E, and A | vitamin C at a dose of 500 mg/day, vitamin E at a dose of 20 mg/day, and vitamin A at a dose of 1050 μg/day for 4 months | -higher serum levels of vitamin E, vitamin C, and retinol -increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity -decreased serum MDA and lipid hydroperoxide (LPH) levels |
Lu et al. [50] | 2018 | randomized controlled trial | 280 infertile patients with endometriosis divided into 2 groups: group 1—160 patients supplemented with vitamin C; group 2—120 patients without supplementation and 150 controls without endometriosis | vitamin C | vitamin C at a dose of 1000 mg/day for 8 weeks | -higher follicular fluid and serum vitamin C levels |
Authors | Year of Study | Study Groups | Supplementation Dose, Period of Supplementation, and Methods of Melatonin Administration | Effects of Melatonin Supplementation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lin et al. [33] | 2020 | 84 female mice | 1.5 mg per mouse per day for 2 weeks; intraperitoneal administration | -smaller size of endometriotic lesions -increased number of pups -lowered expressions of GRP78, p-IRE1, CHOP, p16, p21, and pH2AX and enhanced expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ovaries |
Park et al. [90] | 2023 | 20 female mice | 50 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks; oral administration | -lower volume, weight, and growth of endometriotic lesions -lower expressions of Ccnd1, Ccne1, and Pcna mRNAs in endometriotic lesions |
Kocadal et al. [91] | 2013 | 22 female rats | 20 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks; intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration | -lower volume of endometriotic lesions |
Yildirim et al. [92] | 2010 | 23 female rats | 10 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks; intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration | -lower volume of endometriotic lesions -lower histopathological score -higher SOD and catalase (CAT) levels and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels |
Güney et al. [93] | 2008 | 25 female rats | 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks; intraperitoneal administration | -lower volume and weight of endometriotic lesions -lower histopathological score -lower cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and MDA levels -higher SOD and CAT levels |
Cetinkaya et al. [94] | 2015 | 32 female rats | 10 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks; intramuscular or intraperitoneal administration | -lower volume of endometriotic lesions |
Yilmaz et al. [95] | 2015 | 20 female rats | 10 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks; intraperitoneal administration | -lower volume and weight of endometriotic lesions -lower histopathological score -higher SOD levels -lower MDA levels -lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) score -higher tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) score and lower matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) score |
Yesildaglar et al. [97] | 2016 | 30 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) female mice | 20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks; subcutaneous administration | -lower MDA levels -lower histopathological score |
Paul et al. [98] | 2008 | 79 female mice | 48 mg/kg/day for 20 days; intraperitoneal administration | -lower proMMP-9 activity and enhanced expression of TIMP-1 -lower protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation |
Paul et al. [99] | 2010 | 24 female mice | 16, 32, or 48 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally (i.p) twice daily for 3 days before endometriosis induction and further intraperitoneal administration at 48 mg/kg per day for 10 or 20 days | -lower tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression -lower expression of MMP-3 mRNA and higher expression of TIMP-3 -enhanced apoptosis mediated through weakened Bcl2 expression and induced Bax expression |
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Dymanowska-Dyjak, I.; Frankowska, K.; Abramiuk, M.; Polak, G. Oxidative Imbalance in Endometriosis-Related Infertility—The Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126298
Dymanowska-Dyjak I, Frankowska K, Abramiuk M, Polak G. Oxidative Imbalance in Endometriosis-Related Infertility—The Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(12):6298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126298
Chicago/Turabian StyleDymanowska-Dyjak, Izabela, Karolina Frankowska, Monika Abramiuk, and Grzegorz Polak. 2024. "Oxidative Imbalance in Endometriosis-Related Infertility—The Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 12: 6298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126298