Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regulation of Melanogenesis in the Normal Skin by the Tissue Environment
2.1. Factors Derived from the Epidermis
2.2. Factors Derived from Dermal Fibroblasts
Factors | Species | Date * | Ref. | Skin/Cell | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DKK-1 | Human | 2004 | [18] | PALM | MEL↓ |
DKK-1 | Human | 2007 | [19] | PALM/3D model | MEL↓MITF/DCT/TYR↓ |
IL-1α | Mouse | 2007 | [17] | MCC | MEL↑ |
KGF | Human | 2008 | [21] | Skin | MEL↑ |
EP | Mouse | 2008 | [27] | MCC | MEL↑ |
KGF | Human | 2010 | [22] | MCC | MEL↑TYR mRNA↑ |
NRG-1 | Human | 2010 | [20] | Skin | MEL↑ERBB-3↑ |
NRG-1 | Human | 2010 | [20] | MCC/3D model | MEL↑ |
bFGF | Mouse | 2011 | [1] | MCC | MEL↓ |
KGF | Human | 2013 | [15] | MCC | MEL↑D/DCT/TYR↑ |
ET-1 | Human | 2013 | [15] | MCC | MEL↑TYR↑ |
SCF | Human | 2013 | [15] | MCC | MEL↑TYR↑ |
HGF | Human | 2013 | [15] | MCC | MEL↑TYR↑ |
WIF-1 | Human | 2014 | [26] | MCC | MEL↑MITF/TYR↑ |
PTN | Human | 2015 | [23] | MCC | MEL↓ERK1/2↑MITF↓ |
sFRP-2 | Human | 2016 | [24] | Skin | MEL↑TYR↑ |
PDGF-BB | Human | 2016 | [28] | MCC | MEL↑D↑TYR↑ |
TGF-β1 | Human | 2016 | [29] | Skin | MEL↓ |
CCN-1 | Human | 2018 | [25] | MCC | MEL↑p38 ERK1/2↑MITF/TYR↑ |
EP | Human | 2022 | [30] | MC | EF↑MEL↑ |
2.3. Factors Derived from Dermal Cells Other than Fibroblasts
2.4. Factors Derived from Other Dermal Components
3. Regulation of Melanogenesis in UV-Exposed Skin
Factors from Dermis-Derived Cells
4. Regulation of Melanogenesis in Abnormal Skin
4.1. Role of Dermis-Derived Factors in Hyperpigmentary Disorders
Factors | Species | Date * | Ref. | Skin/Cell | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCF | Human | 2001 | [69] | DF | SCF↑ → MEL↑TYR↑ |
HGF | Human | 2001 | [69] | DF | HGF↑ → MEL↑TYR↑ |
ET-1 | Human | 2004 | [67] | SL | ET-1↑ → MEL↑ |
SCF | Human | 2004 | [67] | SL | SCF↑ → MEL↑ |
SCF | Human | 2006 | [65] | Melasma | SCF↑ → MEL↑ |
VEGF | Human | 2007 | [63] | Melasma | VEGF↑ → MEL↑ |
EF | Human | 2008 | [73] | VLS | EF↓ → MEL↓ |
KGF | Human | 2010 | [22] | SL | KGF↑ → MEL↑ |
KGF | Swine | 2010 | [22] | SL | KGF↑ → MEL↑ |
IL-1α | Human | 2010 | [22] | SL | IL-1α↑ → MEL↑ |
IL-1α | Swine | 2010 | [22] | SL | IL-1α↑ → MEL↑ |
SCF | Human | 2010 | [68] | SL | SCF↑ → MEL↑ |
KGF | Human | 2010 | [68] | SL | KGF↑ → MEL↑ |
EF | Human | 2010 | [74] | ELT | ELT↑ → EF↓MEL↓ |
HS | Human | 2011 | [62] | SL | HS↑ → MEL↑ |
sFRP-2 | Human | 2011 | [71] | SL | sFRP-2↑ → MEL↑Wnt↑ |
EP | Human | 2012 | [75] | Melanoma | EP↑ → MEL↑TYR↑ |
WIF-1 | Human | 2013 | [72] | Melasma | WIF-1↓ → MEL↑ |
EF | Human | 2013 | [76] | AEGCG | MMP-2↑ → EF↓MEL↓ |
EF | Human | 2014 | [77] | ELT | ELT↑ → EF↓MEL↓ |
KGF | Human | 2015 | [70] | Melasma | KGF↑ → MEL |
KGF | Human | 2015 | [70] | SL | KGF↑ → MEL↑ |
SCF | Human | 2016 | [66] | Melasma | SCF↑ → MEL↑ |
NGF | Human | 2016 | [66] | Melasma | NGF↑ → MEL↑ |
sFRP-2 | Human | 2016 | [24] | Melasma | sFRP-2↑ → MEL↑ |
sFRP-2 | Human | 2016 | [24] | SL | sFRP-2↑ → MEL↑ |
EF | Human | 2020 | [5] | VIT | EF↑ → MEL↑ |
HGF | Human | 2021 | [14] | SL | HGF↑ → MEL↑ |
EF | Human | 2022 | [78] | VIT | EF↑CSS↑ → MEL↑ |
EF | Human | 2022 | [49] | VIT | UV↑EF↑ → MELç |
EP | Human | 2023 | [79] | VIT | EP↑ → MEL↑ |
4.2. Role of Dermis-Derived Factors in Hypopigmentary Disorders
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | Date * | Ref. | Skin/Cell | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|
α-MSH | 1995 | [42] | Skin | MEL↑MITF↑TYR↑ |
NGF | 1996 | [43] | Skin | MEL↑D↑ |
IL-1α | 1997 | [44] | Skin | MEL↑ |
ET-1 | 2004 | [6] | MC, MCC | MEL↑MITF↑TYR↑TRP-1↑DCT↑ |
SCF | 2004 | [6] | MC, MCC | MEL↑MITF↑TYR↑TRP-1↑DCT↑ |
ET-1 | 2004 | [45] | Skin | MEL↑TYR↑ |
SCF | 2004 | [45] | Skin | MEL↑TYR↑ |
PGF2α | 2005 | [46] | Skin, MC, MCC | MEL↑ |
HGF | 2010 | [47] | MCC | MEL↑MITF↑TYR↑TRP-1↑DCT↑ |
sFRP-2 | 2016 | [24] | Skin | MEL↑MITF↑TYR↑ |
TNFα | 2019 | [48] | Skin | MEL↑ |
EF | 2022 | [49] | VIT | MEL↑TYR↑ |
Factors | Species | Normal | UV | Abnormal | Effect |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCF | Human | ○ | ○ | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ |
HGF | Human | ○ | ○ | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ |
ET-1 | Human | ○ | ○ | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ |
IL-1α | Mouse/Human/Swine | ○ | ○ | ○ | MEL↑ |
sFRP-2 | Human | ○ | ○ | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ |
NGF | Human | ○ | ○ | ○ | MEL↑D↑ |
KGF | Human/Swine | ○ | ○ | MEL↑ | |
PDGF-BB | Human | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑D↑ | ||
CCN-1 | Human | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ | ||
NRG-1 | Human | ○ | MEL↑ | ||
WIF-1 | Human | ○ | MEL↑ | ||
PGF2α | Human | ○ | MEL↑ | ||
TNFα | Human | ○ | MEL↑ | ||
VEGF | Human | ○ | MEL↑ | ||
HS | Human | ○ | MEL↑ | ||
α-MSH | Human | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑MITF↑ | ||
EP | Mouse/Human | ○ | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ | |
EF | Human | ○ | ○ | MEL↑TYR↑ | |
DKK-1 | Human | ○ | MEL↓TYR↓ | ||
PTN | Human | ○ | MEL↓MITF↓ | ||
bFGF | Mouse | ○ | MEL↓ | ||
TGF-β1 | Human | ○ | MEL↓ | ||
WIF-1 | Human | ○ | MEL↓ |
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Hirobe, T. Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084560
Hirobe T. Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(8):4560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084560
Chicago/Turabian StyleHirobe, Tomohisa. 2024. "Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 8: 4560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084560