Structural Characterization and Spatial Map** of Tetrodotoxins in Australian Polyclads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Separation and Identification of TTX and Its Analogues Using HILIC-HRMS
2.2. Optimization of Flatworm Sample Preparation for TTX MALDI-MSI
2.3. MALDI-MSI of Freeze Dried Stylochus sp. 1 Flatworms
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Flatworm Specimen Collection
4.2. Tetrodotoxin Analogue Separation and Analysis from Flatworms Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
4.3. Spatial Map** of TTX across Flatworms Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging
4.4. Calibrant and Matrix Deposition
4.5. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS Data Acquisition
4.6. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS Data Analysis
4.7. Flatworm Specimen Identification
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen | TTX (1) (Scan Channel m/z 320.1088) RT (min) | 11-Deoxy TTX (2) (Scan Channel m/z 304.1139) RT (min) | 11-norTTX-6(S)-ol (3) (Scan Channel m/z 290.0983) RT (min) | 6,11-Dideoxy TTX (4) (Scan Channel m/z 288.1190) RT (min) | Unknown Compound #1 (Scan Channel m/z 270.1085) RT (min) | 4,4a-Anhydro-5,6,11-trideoxy TTX (9) (Scan Channel m/z 254.1135) RT (min) | Unknown Compound #2 (Scan Channel m/z 334.0881) RT (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stylochus sp. 1 1 | 6.11 | 7.58 | 7.55 | ||||
Stylochus sp. 1 1 | 6.15 | 7.58 | |||||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 2 | 18.01 | 6.06 | 7.61 | 4.91 | 8.59 | ||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 2 | 17.41 | 7.55 | 4.86 | 8.56 | |||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 2 | 18.29 | 6.02 | 7.61 | 4.75 | 8.47 | ||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 2 | 18.31 | 6.19 | 7.58 | 4.82 | 8.44 | 7.57 | |
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 2 | 18.25 | 6.15 | 7.61 | 8.61 | |||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 3 | 17.55 | 7.55 | 4.78 | 8.54 | 7.54 | ||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 3 | 7.62 | 4.89 | 8.70 | ||||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 3 | 7.61 | 4.89 | 8.58 | 7.57 | |||
Stylochus cf mcgrathi 3 | 7.59 | 4.89 | 8.60 | 8.01 | 7.59 | ||
Stylochus sp. 3 4 | |||||||
Stylochus sp. 4 1 | |||||||
Echinoplana cf celerrima 5 | 7.56 | 4.80 | |||||
Echinoplana cf celerrima 1 | 7.56 | 4.84 | |||||
Echinoplana cf celerrima 1 | 7.58 | 4.84 | 7.54 | ||||
Echinoplana cf celerrima 1 | 6.14 | 7.63 | 4.78 | 7.55 | |||
Notoplana cf longiducta 5 | 7.56 | 4.78 | |||||
Pseudoceros sp. 1 1 | 7.58 | 4.91 | 8.49 | ||||
Pseudoceros sp. 2 1 | 6.20 | ||||||
Pseudoceros sp. 3 1 | 7.55 | 8.48 | |||||
Pseudoceros cf velutinus 4 | 7.62 | 4.84 | 8.60 | ||||
Pseudoceros cf velutinus 4 | 6.17 | 7.53 | |||||
Thysanozoon brocchii4 | 7.58 | 8.48 | |||||
Thysanozoon brocchii4 | 7.61 | 8.58 | |||||
Eurylepta sp. 1 | 8.03 | ||||||
Cycloporus sp. 1 | 7.60 | 4.85 | |||||
Cestoplana cf rubocincta 5 | 7.49 |
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McNab, J.M.; Briggs, M.T.; Williamson, J.E.; Hoffmann, P.; Rodriguez, J.; Karuso, P. Structural Characterization and Spatial Map** of Tetrodotoxins in Australian Polyclads. Mar. Drugs 2022, 20, 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120788
McNab JM, Briggs MT, Williamson JE, Hoffmann P, Rodriguez J, Karuso P. Structural Characterization and Spatial Map** of Tetrodotoxins in Australian Polyclads. Marine Drugs. 2022; 20(12):788. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120788
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcNab, Justin M., Matthew T. Briggs, Jane E. Williamson, Peter Hoffmann, Jorge Rodriguez, and Peter Karuso. 2022. "Structural Characterization and Spatial Map** of Tetrodotoxins in Australian Polyclads" Marine Drugs 20, no. 12: 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/md20120788