Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
1.2. Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
2. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
2.1. MOFs in DSSCs
2.1.1. MOF as Photoelectrode
2.1.2. MOFs as Sensitizers
2.1.3. Counter-Electrode CE
2.2. Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) in DSSCs
COFs as Photoactive Materials
3. Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)
3.1. MOFs in PSCs
3.2. COFs in PSCs
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3D | 3-Dimensional |
ACN | Acetonitrile |
BDBA | 1,4-Benzenediboronic acid |
BDBA | 1,4-Benzenediboronic acid |
CE | Counter-electrode |
CNR | Carbon nanorode |
COF | Covalent organic framework |
DAPV | Diaminopropyl viologen |
DEF | Diethylformamide |
DSSC | Dye-sensitized solar cells |
DTP-ANDI | Naphtaline diimide |
DTP-APyrDI | Pyrromellitic diimide |
EIS | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy |
ETL | Electron transporting layer |
FF | Fill factor |
FP-TRMC | Flash photolysis time resolved microwave method |
FTO | Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide |
H4DOBDC | 2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid |
HHTP | 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenylene |
HHTP | 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexahydroxytriphenylene |
HOMO | Highest occupied molecular orbital |
HTL | Hole transporting layer |
HTM | Hole transport materials |
ITO | Indium tin oxide |
JSC | Short circuit photocurrent |
LED | Light emitting electrochemical diodes |
LEEC | Light emitting electrochemical cells |
LDH | Layered double hydroxide |
LUMO | Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital |
MOF | Metal-organic framework |
MPN | 3-Methoxypropionitrile |
MW | Microwave |
MWCNT | Multi-walled carbon nanotube |
NH2-bdc | 2-Aminoterephthalic acid |
NiPc-BTDA | Nickel phthalocyanine-3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride |
NIR | Near infrared |
NMP | N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone |
NP | Nanoparticle |
NT | Nanotube |
OPV | Organic photovoltaic |
PBBA | 1,4-Phenylenebis(boronic acid) |
PCBM | Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester |
PCE | Power conversion efficiency |
PCP | Porous coordination polymer |
PEDOT | Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) |
PEGDGE | Poly(ethylene glycol) di-glycidyl ether |
PET | Polyethylene Terephthalate |
PMMA | Poly(methyl methacrylate |
PPF | Pillared porphyrin framework |
PPy | Polypyrrole |
PSC | Perovskite solar cell |
PSK | Perovskite |
PT | tert-Butylpyrenetetraone |
PVs | Photovoltaics |
QD | Quantum dot |
QSDSSC | Quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells |
RT | Room temperature |
RGO | Reduced graphene oxide |
SC | Solar cell |
SLG | Single-layer graphene |
SP | Spirobifluorene |
SURMOF | Surface-anchored metal-organic framework |
TBP | tert-Butylpyridine |
TCO | Transparent conductive oxide |
TPHA | Triphenylene hexamine |
TTBA | Thieno-[3,2-b]-thiophene-2,5-diyldiboronic acid |
UV | Ultraviolet |
VOC | Open-circuit voltage |
ZIF | Zeolitic imidazolate framework |
ZnPc[OH]8 | 2,3,9,1016,17,23,24-(Octahydroxyphthalocyanito) zinc |
Zn-TCPP | Zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin |
η | Power conversion efficiency |
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Special Role | MOFs | η (%) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metals | Organic Linkers | |||
Interfacial Layer | Zn | ZIF-8 | 5.34 | [93] |
Zn | | 2.34 | [124] | |
Scattering Layer | Zn | MOF-5 | 3.67 | [125] |
Ti | MIL-125(Ti) | 7.1 | [126] | |
Zn | | 0.15 | [92] | |
Cu | | 0.008 | [86] | |
Cu | | 0.27 | [126] | |
Cu | | 1.22 | [88] | |
Ru | | 0.125 | [87] | |
Zn | | 0.86 | [127] | |
Cu | | 0.1 | [128] |
MOFs | η (%) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|
Metals | Organic Linker(s) | ||
In/K | | 8.07 | [143] |
Zn | | 0.0023 | [139] |
Co | Co-DAPV MOF | 2.1 | [147] |
Eu | Eu-MOF | 2.2 | [153] |
Ti | titanium-based MOF ‘NTU-9,’ | 3.20 | [154] |
Zn | | n.a. | [152] |
MOFs | η (%) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|
Metals | Organic Linkers | ||
Co | PISA-1 | 9.11 | [167] |
Co | ZIF-67, | 8.2 | [169] |
Co Zn | ZIF-67, ZIF-8 | 13.50 9.12 | [170] [171] |
Zn | Carbonaceous-ZIF-8 | 9.03 | [172] |
Cu | HKUST-1 | 9.50 | [173] |
Co | ZIF-67 | 7.58 | [174] |
Zr Zn | MOF-525 | 9.75 5.48 | [175] [168] |
Ni/Co | NiCo0.2/MOF | 9.30 | [176] |
Role | COFs | η (%) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Building Blocks | |||
Photoactive Material | PPy-COF (Hexagonal) | | n.a. | [180] |
Photoactive Material | Metallophthalocyanine-COF (Tetragonal) | | n.a. | [181] |
Photoactive Material | NiPc-PBBA COF (Tetragonal) | | n.a. | [182] |
Photoactive Material | MP-COF (M = H2, Zn, Cu) | | n.a. | [183] |
Photoactive Material | TP-COF, NiPBBA COF | | n.a. | [184] |
Photoactive Material | CS-COF/C60 (Hexagonal) | | n.a. | [185] |
Photoactive Material | TT-COF:PCBM (Hexagonal) | | 0.05 | [186] |
Photoactive Material | [C60]y-ZnPc-COFs | | n.a. | [188] |
Photoactive Material | BDT-COF:[60]PCBM | | n.a. | [189] |
Photoactive Material | D-A COF (Hexagonal). | | n.a. | [190] |
Photoactive Material | DZnPc-ANDI-COF | | n.a. | [191] |
DZnPc-ANDI-COF DTP-APyrDI-COF | | n.a. | [193] | |
Photo electrode | triphenylene−porphyrin COF (Hexagonal), | | n.a. | [194] |
Role | MOFs | η (%) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Metals | Organic Linker(s) | |||
Photoactive Material | Ti | MIL-125(Ti) | 6.4 | [213] |
Photoactive Material | Zr | MOF-525 | 12 | [220] |
Photoactive Material | Zn | ZIF-8 | 16.99 | [221] |
Photoactive Material | Cu | HKUST-1 | n.a. | [223] |
Hole Transport Material (HTM) | In | | 15,8 | [225] |
Electron Transport Layer (ETL) | Ti | MIL-125(Ti) | 18.9 | [226] |
Electron Transport Layer (ETL) | Zr | UiO-66, MOF-808 | 17 | [228] |
Hole Transport Material (HTM) | In | | 18.51 | [207] |
Hole Transport Material (HTM) | In | | 19.47 | [208] |
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Yildirim, O.; Bonomo, M.; Barbero, N.; Atzori, C.; Civalleri, B.; Bonino, F.; Viscardi, G.; Barolo, C. Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies. Energies 2020, 13, 5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215602
Yildirim O, Bonomo M, Barbero N, Atzori C, Civalleri B, Bonino F, Viscardi G, Barolo C. Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies. Energies. 2020; 13(21):5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215602
Chicago/Turabian StyleYildirim, Onur, Matteo Bonomo, Nadia Barbero, Cesare Atzori, Bartolomeo Civalleri, Francesca Bonino, Guido Viscardi, and Claudia Barolo. 2020. "Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks as (Photo)Active Material in Hybrid Photovoltaic Technologies" Energies 13, no. 21: 5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215602