Physicochemical Improvements in Sandy Soils through the Valorization of Biomass into Biochar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Sampling and Characterization
2.2. Biochar Preparation and Characterization
2.3. Pot Incubation Assay
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.4.1. Water-Holding Capacity (WHC)
2.4.2. Extractable Elements
2.4.3. pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC)
2.4.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil and Biochar Characterization
3.2. Water-Holding Capacity
3.3. pH and EC
3.4. Extractable Elements
3.5. Correlation between Dependent Variables
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Soil | |
---|---|---|
pH | 3.86 ± 0.09 | |
EC (μS∙cm−1) | 6.3 ± 0.3 | |
OM (%) | 1.0 ± (4.0 × 10−2) | |
WHC (%) | 16 ± 3 | |
BD (g∙cm−3) | 1.5 ± (4.5 × 10−2) | |
Plant nutrient elements (mg∙kg−1db *) | P | 4.96 ± 0.08 |
Ca | 108 ± 8 | |
Mg | 20 ± 1 | |
K | 9.6 ± 0.5 | |
Na | 11 ± 4 |
pH | EC | P | Ca | Mg | K | Na | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 0.501 ** | 0.595 ** | 0.820 ** | 0.645 ** | 0.724 ** | 0.220 | |
EC | 0.501 ** | 0.269 | 0.335 * | 0.330 * | 0.692 ** | 0.224 | |
P | 0.595 ** | 0.269 | 0.808 ** | 0.576 ** | 0.287 | 0.028 | |
Ca | 0.820 ** | 0.335 * | 0.808 ** | 0.787 ** | 0.434 * | 0.131 | |
Mg | 0.645 ** | 0.330 * | 0.576 ** | 0.787 ** | 0.550 ** | 0.442 ** | |
K | 0.724 ** | 0.692 ** | 0.287 | 0.434 * | 0.550 ** | 0.573 ** | |
Na | 0.220 | 0.224 | 0.028 | 0.131 | 0.442 ** | 0.573 ** |
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Morim, A.C.; dos Santos, M.C.; Tarelho, L.A.C.; Silva, F.C. Physicochemical Improvements in Sandy Soils through the Valorization of Biomass into Biochar. Energies 2023, 16, 7645. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227645
Morim AC, dos Santos MC, Tarelho LAC, Silva FC. Physicochemical Improvements in Sandy Soils through the Valorization of Biomass into Biochar. Energies. 2023; 16(22):7645. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227645
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorim, Ana Carolina, Márcia Cristina dos Santos, Luís A. C. Tarelho, and Flávio C. Silva. 2023. "Physicochemical Improvements in Sandy Soils through the Valorization of Biomass into Biochar" Energies 16, no. 22: 7645. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227645