Evaluating the Effects of Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) on the Anti-Ultraviolet Aging Properties of SBR-Modified Asphalt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Asphalt
- (1)
- Preparation of SBRMA
- (2)
- Preparation of PPA/SBR-MA
2.3. Testing Methods
2.3.1. Ultraviolet (UV) Aging Procedure
2.3.2. Standard Physical Properties Test
2.3.3. Temperature Sweep Test
2.3.4. Bending Beam Rheometer Test (BBR)
2.3.5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.3.6. Gel Permeation Chromatography Test (GPC)
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Standard Physical Properties
3.2. High Temperature Rheological Properties Analysis
3.2.1. Phase Angle
3.2.2. Rutting Factor
3.3. Low Temperature Rheological Properties Analysis
3.4. Chemical Structure Analysis
3.5. Molecular Size Evolution Analyses
3.6. Relationship Analysis of Microcosmic Property and Macroscopical Property
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The penetration of asphalt decreases with the addition of PPA, which proves that PPA/SBR-MA becomes harder and more resistant to deformation. The increase in the softening point indicates a higher temperature stability of asphalt. The incorporation of PPA significantly reduces the influence of UV aging on the consistency, high temperature stability, and low temperature flexibility of SBRMA according to the aging indexes of the penetration, softening point, and ductility.
- (2)
- The addition of PPA significantly improves the high temperature deformation resistance of SBRMA before UV aging according to the analysis of the phase angle δ and rutting factor . The high temperature performance of the three asphalts is improved after UV aging. However, the rutting factor aging index (RAI) of 90#A, SBRMA, and PPA/SBR-MA are 1.83, 1.65, and 1.49, respectively, indicating that PPA can reduce the sensitivity of the high temperature rheological parameters of SBRMA to UV light.
- (3)
- Based on the variations of S(60) and m before and after UV aging, it is found that UV aging will crack the low temperature properties of asphalt according to the change rule of these values. However, PPA/SBR-MA has the best flexibility and stress relaxation ability, which implies that PPA enhances the low temperature cracking resistance of SBRMA. The low temperature aging indexes Iλ of 90#A, SBRMA, and PPA/SBR-MA are 0.32, 0.52, and 0.65 at −12 °C temperature, and 0.51, 0.75, and 0.81 at −18 °C, respectively, which indicates that PPA can significantly reduce the UV aging sensitivity of SBRMA.
- (4)
- The FTIR and GPC tests show that the addition of PPA gives the SBRMA a more stable dispersion system. UV aging mainly leads to the oxygen absorption of the saturated carbon chain and the degradation of the SBR modifier, along with the evaporation of small molecules. PPA can significantly enhance the anti-UV aging property of SBRMA because it mainly inhibits the degradation of the SBR modifier and delays the aging process of base asphalt.
- (5)
- The microscopic aging indexes ILMS and IMw after UV aging are significantly correlated with the macroscopic aging indexes RP, SPI, DR, RAI, and Iλ by the analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient. They can be used as the main evaluation indexes of the microscopic aging effect. The ICO and IMn have a good correlation with the macro performance aging index. However, ISMS is unsuitable for evaluating the aging effect and is only applicable to the mechanism explanation of the aging process. Microscopic experiments can not only explain the microscopic mechanism of action, but can also predict the macroscopic properties.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Results |
---|---|
Penetration (25 °C, 0.1 mm) | 88.1 |
Softening point (°C) | 45.4 |
Ductility (15 °C, cm) | >150 |
C (%) | 87.02 |
H (%) | 9.31 |
O (%) | 3.12 |
N (%) | 0.51 |
S (%) | 0 |
Parameter | Results |
---|---|
Granularity (16-mesh, %) | 98.6 |
Bound styrene content (%) | 23.0 |
Mooney viscosity (ML) | 55.5 |
Tensile strength (MPa) | 25.0 |
Breaking elongation (%) | 378 |
300% Constant tensile stress (MPa) | 15.0 |
Parameter | Results |
---|---|
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4, %) | 115.2 |
Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5, %) | 83.5 |
Chloride (Cl, %) | <0.0003 |
Fe (%) | 0.0014 |
As (%) | 0.009 |
Heavy metal (Pb, %) | <0.002 |
Sample | Index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mn | Mw | d | IMn (%) | IMw (%) | |
90#-virgin | 909 | 3634 | 3.998 | 23.65 | 43.51 |
90#-UV aged | 1124 | 5215 | 4.640 | ||
SBR-virgin | 998 | 3996 | 4.004 | −4.81 | 24.27 |
SBR-UV aged | 950 | 4966 | 5.227 | ||
PPA/SBR-virgin | 905 | 3460 | 3.823 | −1.77 | 12.86 |
PPA/SBR-UV aged | 889 | 3905 | 4.393 |
Macro-Aging Index | Micro-Aging Index | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ILMS | IMMS | ISMS | IMn | IMw | CRICO | |
RP | −0.9412 | 0.9823 | −0.1848 | −0.7754 | −0.9783 | −0.9870 |
SPI | −0.9505 | 0.9765 | −0.1568 | −0.7931 | −0.9838 | −0.9821 |
DR | −0.9949 | 0.8052 | 0.2573 | −0.9720 | −0.9719 | −0.8212 |
RAI | 0.9694 | −0.9597 | 0.0894 | 0.8326 | 0.9937 | 0.9670 |
Iλ (−12 °C) | −0.9875 | 0.9307 | 7.05 × 10−5 | −0.8788 | −0.9997 | −0.9403 |
Iλ (−18 °C) | −0.9979 | 0.8261 | 0.2222 | −0.9629 | −0.9798 | −0.8413 |
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Xu, Y.; Niu, K.; Zhu, H.; Chen, R.; Ou, L. Evaluating the Effects of Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) on the Anti-Ultraviolet Aging Properties of SBR-Modified Asphalt. Materials 2023, 16, 2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072784
Xu Y, Niu K, Zhu H, Chen R, Ou L. Evaluating the Effects of Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) on the Anti-Ultraviolet Aging Properties of SBR-Modified Asphalt. Materials. 2023; 16(7):2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072784
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Yanling, Kaimin Niu, Hongzhou Zhu, Ruipu Chen, and Li Ou. 2023. "Evaluating the Effects of Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) on the Anti-Ultraviolet Aging Properties of SBR-Modified Asphalt" Materials 16, no. 7: 2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072784