Spatial Distribution and Regulating Factors of Soil Nutrient Stocks in Afforested Dump of **shuo Opencast Coalmine, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Calculation of Reclaimed Soil Nutrient Stock
2.4. Geostatistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Distribution Characteristics of Measured Soil Properties, and Nutrient Stocks
3.1.1. Soil Texture, pH, and Herbaceous Biomass at Different Sample Sites
3.1.2. Statistical Characteristics of SOCD, TND, APD, and AKD in Different Soil Horizons
3.2. Geostatistical Analyses of the Calculated Nutrient Stocks
3.2.1. Semi-Variogram Analyses
3.2.2. Spatial Distribution Patterns of SOCD, TND, APD, and AKD across South Dump
3.3. Influencing Factors of SOCD, TND, APD, and AKD in Reclaimed Land
3.3.1. Afforestation
3.3.2. Soil Texture and pH
3.4. Suggestion for Nutrient Management in Reclaimed Soils of Opencast Coalmine
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Depth (cm) | Mean | Median | Maximum | Minimum | CV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOCD Mg ha−1 | |||||
0–10 | 15.60 | 9.24 | 58.19 | 3.45 | 99.14 |
10–20 | 10.13 | 4.22 | 74.88 | 2.54 | 169.89 |
20–30 | 26.56 | 3.91 | 304.63 | 1.76 | 259.21 |
30–40 | 31.20 | 3.21 | 496.49 | 1.90 | 339.75 |
40–50 | 31.37 | 2.82 | 559.12 | 1.46 | 378.31 |
50–60 | 26.72 | 3.42 | 397.62 | 1.81 | 323.00 |
TND Mg ha−1 | |||||
0–10 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 1.97 | 0.35 | 57.74 |
10–20 | 0.53 | 0.39 | 1.62 | 0.25 | 68.78 |
20–30 | 0.73 | 0.39 | 5.11 | 0.19 | 147.68 |
30–40 | 0.81 | 0.32 | 8.65 | 0.18 | 219.75 |
40–50 | 0.83 | 0.34 | 9.92 | 0.17 | 247.51 |
50–60 | 0.72 | 0.30 | 6.67 | 0.20 | 192.11 |
APD Mg ha−1 | |||||
0–10 | 0.0056 | 0.0050 | 0.0116 | 0.0026 | 39.83 |
10–20 | 0.0053 | 0.0042 | 0.0149 | 0.0004 | 63.30 |
20–30 | 0.0062 | 0.0047 | 0.0149 | 0.0004 | 63.83 |
30–40 | 0.0074 | 0.0061 | 0.0165 | 0.0018 | 63.69 |
40–50 | 0.0091 | 0.0072 | 0.0255 | 0.0005 | 60.17 |
50–60 | 0.0097 | 0.0086 | 0.0303 | 0.0010 | 62.42 |
AKD Mg ha−1 | |||||
0–10 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.41 | 0.06 | 52.12 |
10–20 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 41.63 |
20–30 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 41.98 |
30–40 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 47.09 |
40–50 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 44.37 |
50–60 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 48.10 |
Soil nutrient Stocks | Optimal Model | C0/(C + C0) % a | R2 b | RSS c | A0/m d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOCD (Mg ha−1) | Gaussian | 17.05 | 0.58 | 2.65 × 10−2 | 971.68 |
TND (Mg ha−1) | Spherical | 25.60 | 0.82 | 1.06 × 10−2 | 242.00 |
APD (Mg ha−1) | Gaussian | 0.20 | 0.66 | 8.28 × 10−8 | 171.47 |
AKD (Mg ha−1) | Gaussian | 0.14 | 0.74 | 9.33 × 10−4 | 280.59 |
Soil nutrient Stocks | Optimal Model | ME | AME | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|
SOCD (Mg ha−1) | Gaussian | −2.56 × 100 | 1.05 × 101 | 1.47 × 101 |
TND (Mg ha−1) | Spherical | −1.38 × 100 | 2.69 × 100 | 5.92 × 100 |
APD (Mg ha−1) | Gaussian | −1.07 × 10−3 | 1.83 × 10−2 | 2.25 × 10−2 |
AKD (Mg ha−1) | Gaussian | −1.21 × 10−2 | 1.81 × 10−1 | 2.69 × 10−1 |
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Zhou, W.; Qian, M.; Wang, S.; Li, S.; Cao, Y. Spatial Distribution and Regulating Factors of Soil Nutrient Stocks in Afforested Dump of **shuo Opencast Coalmine, China. Forests 2022, 13, 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13020345
Zhou W, Qian M, Wang S, Li S, Cao Y. Spatial Distribution and Regulating Factors of Soil Nutrient Stocks in Afforested Dump of **shuo Opencast Coalmine, China. Forests. 2022; 13(2):345. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13020345
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Wenxiang, Mingjie Qian, Shufei Wang, Shengpeng Li, and Yingui Cao. 2022. "Spatial Distribution and Regulating Factors of Soil Nutrient Stocks in Afforested Dump of **shuo Opencast Coalmine, China" Forests 13, no. 2: 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13020345