Mangrove Propagule Dispersal in a Shallow and Narrow Coastal Lagoon: A Simulation-Based Assessment of the Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. In Situ Data Collection
2.3. Numerical Modelling
2.4. Validation of the Models
3. Results
3.1. Hydrodynamic Characteristics in Setiu Lagoon
3.2. Simulation-Based Rhizophora Propagules Dispersal in Setiu Lagoon
3.3. Mark–Recapture Experiment in Setiu Lagoon
3.4. Accuracy of Hydrodynamic and Particle Tracking Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Parameter | Correlation Coefficient | RMSE | Index of Agreement |
---|---|---|---|
Water level (m) | 0.966 | 0.095 | 0.986 |
u-component (m/s) | 0.758 | 0.043 | 0.830 |
v-component (m/s) | 0.740 | 0.089 | 0.783 |
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Zainol, Z.; Peris, A.D.; Akhir, M.F.; Rahim, N.H.A.; Satyanarayana, B.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F. Mangrove Propagule Dispersal in a Shallow and Narrow Coastal Lagoon: A Simulation-Based Assessment of the Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia. Forests 2022, 13, 1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091525
Zainol Z, Peris AD, Akhir MF, Rahim NHA, Satyanarayana B, Dahdouh-Guebas F. Mangrove Propagule Dispersal in a Shallow and Narrow Coastal Lagoon: A Simulation-Based Assessment of the Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia. Forests. 2022; 13(9):1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091525
Chicago/Turabian StyleZainol, Zuraini, Atteleth Don Peris, Mohd Fadzil Akhir, Nur Hannah Abd Rahim, Behara Satyanarayana, and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas. 2022. "Mangrove Propagule Dispersal in a Shallow and Narrow Coastal Lagoon: A Simulation-Based Assessment of the Setiu Wetlands, Malaysia" Forests 13, no. 9: 1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091525