A Global Index for Map** the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Selection and Indicators’ Definition
Indicator | Data Source | Units | Native Resolution | Coverage Years |
---|---|---|---|---|
Area Burned (AB) | Giglio et al. | Ha/month | 0.25° | 1997–2013 |
Fire Danger (FD) | NASA | unitless | 0.5° × 2/3° | 1980–2014 |
Natural Ignitions (NI) | NASA | Flashes/km2/year | 0.5° | 1995–2010 |
Anthropogenic Influence (AI) | SEDAC | Unitless (0–100) | 0.08° | 1960–2004 |
Surface Runoff (SR) | GWSP | mm/year | 0.5° | 1950–2000 |
Soil Moisture (SM) | Terrestrial water budget; data archive | mm/m | 0.5° | 1950–1999 |
Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) | CGIAR-CSI | mm/year | 0.08° | 1960–1990 |
2.2. Data Processing and Aggregation
2.3. Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis Method | Procedure Detail | Weight Variation Scheme | # of Modified Indices |
---|---|---|---|
Spearman/Pearson correlation | Calculus of correlation coefficients between index and indicators | - | - |
Stepwise | One-by-one addition of each indicator until final index | - | - |
Jackknifing | Iterative exclusion of each indicator in the aggregation process | - | 7 |
Low/high case scenario | Bounded weight variation based on indicator distribution | Within 6.5% and 18.5% for fire indicators; Within 10.6% and 22.6% for fire indicators | 2 |
Random variation | Bounded random weight variation | Within 6.5% and 18.5% for fire indicators; Within 10.6% and 22.6% for fire indicators | 14 |
Systematic variation | Incremental bounded weight variation | Within 6.5% and 18.5% for fire indicators; Within 10.6% and 22.6% for fire indicators | 28 |
GWWEI | Fire | Water | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AB | FD | NI | AI | AET | SM | SR | |||
GWWEI | 1.00 | 0.21 | −0.11 | 0.55 | −0.06 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.66 | |
Fire | AB | 0.21 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.35 | −0.06 | 0.20 | −0.13 | −0.04 |
FD | −0.11 | 0.36 | 1.00 | 0.41 | −0.31 | −0.14 | −0.58 | −0.57 | |
NI | 0.55 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 1.00 | −0.41 | 0.65 | 0.15 | 0.15 | |
AI | −0.06 | −0.06 | −0.31 | −0.41 | 1.00 | −0.40 | −0.16 | −0.02 | |
Water | AET | 0.76 | 0.20 | −0.14 | 0.65 | −0.40 | 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.63 |
SM | 0.74 | −0.13 | −0.58 | 0.15 | −0.16 | 0.68 | 1.00 | 0.76 | |
SR | 0.66 | −0.04 | −0.57 | 0.15 | −0.02 | 0.63 | 0.76 | 1.00 |
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Geography of the GWWEI
3.2. Sensitivity of the GWWEI
3.3. The GWWEI and Its Implications for Water Resource Protection
3.4. Limitations and Improvements
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Robinne, F.-N.; Miller, C.; Parisien, M.-A.; Emelko, M.B.; Bladon, K.D.; Silins, U.; Flannigan, M. A Global Index for Map** the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire. Forests 2016, 7, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7010022
Robinne F-N, Miller C, Parisien M-A, Emelko MB, Bladon KD, Silins U, Flannigan M. A Global Index for Map** the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire. Forests. 2016; 7(1):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7010022
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobinne, François-Nicolas, Carol Miller, Marc-André Parisien, Monica B. Emelko, Kevin D. Bladon, Uldis Silins, and Mike Flannigan. 2016. "A Global Index for Map** the Exposure of Water Resources to Wildfire" Forests 7, no. 1: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7010022