Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Search Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Colon and Peculiarities of Colorectal Cancer
3.2. CRC Development Processes
3.3. H. pylori and Colorectal Cancer
4. Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
4.1. Surgery
4.2. Cryotherapy
4.3. Radiation Therapy
4.4. Chemotherapy
4.5. Monoclonal Antibodies
4.6. Side Effects and Complications of CRC Treatments
5. Colon-Specific Drug Delivery Systems
5.1. Approaches for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery
5.1.1. PH Approach
5.1.2. Microbiota-Based Drug Delivery
5.1.3. Drug Conjugates
Targets | Ligands | References |
---|---|---|
Carcinoembryonic antigen | Antibody | Tiernan et al., 2013 [145] |
Folate receptor alpha (FRα) | Folic acid | Noe et al., 2022 [146] |
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) | Peptide | Suwaidan et al., 2022 [147] |
Hyaluronic acid receptor | Hyaluronic acid | Mansoori et al., 2020 [148] |
CD44 receptor | Hyaluronic acid | Tabasi et al., 2021 [149] |
Drug Conjugate | Target | Phase of Study | Clinical Trial Identifier | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disitamab vedotin and Tisleizumab | HER-2 | II | NCT05493683 | The First Affiliated Hospital with Nan**g Medical University (Nan**g, China) |
M9140 | Carcinoembryonic antigen | I | NCT05464030 | EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. (Darmstadt, Germany) |
CBP-1019 | Unknown | I, II | NCT05830097 | Coherent Biopharma (Hefei) Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China) |
BDC-1001 (Nivolumab) | HER-2 | I, II | NCT04278144 | Bolt Biotherapeutics Inc. (Redwood City, CA, USA) |
ELU001 | (FRα) | I, II | NCT05001282 | Elucida Oncology (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) |
Datopotamab deruxtecan | Unknown | II | NCT05489211 | AstraZeneca (Minato City, Janpan) |
SBT6050 (Cemiplimab) | HER-2 | I, IB | NCT04460456 | Silverback Therapeutics (Seattle, WA, USA) |
TORL-3-600 | Unknown | I | NCT05948826 | TORL Biotherapeutics, LLC (Albuquerque, NM, USA) |
5.1.4. Vesicular Systems
Liposomes
7. Impact of Circadian Rhythm on CRD Drug Delivery and Efficacy
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vesicular System | Payload | Phase of Study | Clinical Trial Identifier | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liposome | Irinotecan and Bevacizumab | I | NCT05854498 | University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI, USA) |
Irinotecan-based FOLFIRI combined with Bevacizumab | II | NCT05969899 | Fudan University (Shanghai, China) | |
Fluorouracil and Irinotecan and Leucovorin | I, II | NCT03337087 | Academic and Community Cancer Research United (Rochester, MN, USA) | |
Polymeric nanoparticle | Cetuximab | I | NCT03774680 | Al-Azhar University (Cairo, Egypt) |
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Adebayo, A.S.; Agbaje, K.; Adesina, S.K.; Olajubutu, O. Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15112620
Adebayo AS, Agbaje K, Adesina SK, Olajubutu O. Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(11):2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15112620
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdebayo, Amusa S., Kafilat Agbaje, Simeon K. Adesina, and Oluwabukunmi Olajubutu. 2023. "Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 11: 2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15112620