A Decision Support Software Application for the Design of Agrophotovoltaic Systems in Republic of Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
Supply Chain Network of Agrophotovoltaic Systems
3. Decision Support System for APV System Design
3.1. Mobile Client Module
3.2. Performance Estimation Module
3.3. Location-Allocation Module
4. Experiments
4.1. Scenario
4.2. Results
4.3. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data Type | 21.3% | 25.6% | 32% |
---|---|---|---|
Solar module cost (USD/m2) | 4.38 | 4.46 | 6.30 |
Structure cost (USD/m2) | 7.24 | 7.72 | 10.43 |
Electric distribution system cost (USD/m2) | 3.45 | 3.68 | 4.97 |
Other costs (USD/m2) 1 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.36 |
Total cost (USD/m2) | 15.32 | 16.34 | 22.06 |
Number of PV modules per unit area (units/m2) | 0.062 | 0.066 | 0.089 |
Month | Solar Radiation (MJ/m2) | Ambient Temperature High (°C) 1 | Ambient Temperature Low (°C) 2 | Precipitation (mm) | Humidity (%) | Wind Speed (m/s) | Electricity Generation (kWh/m2/day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
June | 3.70 | 29.40 | 19.43 | 12.72 | 76.93 | 2.01 | 99.83 |
July | 2.77 | 27.71 | 20.92 | 14.80 | 84.67 | 1.94 | 74.95 |
August | 3.62 | 34.05 | 24.25 | 17.83 | 73.36 | 2.45 | 97.81 |
September | 3.03 | 27.74 | 16.74 | 7.17 | 74.11 | 1.67 | 81.73 |
October | 3.27 | 24.68 | 8.73 | 0.30 | 56.94 | 1.67 | 88.37 |
Variable Symbol | Variable Name | Unit |
---|---|---|
Daily solar radiation | MJ/m2 | |
Daily maximum temperature | °C | |
Daily minimum temperature | °C | |
Daily precipitation | mm | |
Daily humidity | % | |
Daily wind speed | m/s |
Symbol | Variable Name | Unit |
---|---|---|
Unit electricity price | USD/kWh | |
Unit crop price | USD/kg | |
Electricity generation quantity | kWh | |
Electricity generation cost | USD | |
Crop yield | kg | |
Crop production cost | USD |
Selected APV Candidate Sites | Location | Capacity (kW) | Size (m2) | Yield (kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | Hwaseong-si | 50 | 853 | 633 |
F2 | Cheongju-si | 100 | 1706 | 1266 |
F3 | Jeonju-si | 86 | 1467 | 455 |
F4 | Naju-si | 100 | 1706 | 1095 |
F5 | Gunwi-gun | 100 | 1706 | 797 |
F6 | Hamyang-gun | 100 | 1706 | 1274 |
Markets | Location | Market Name | Corn Demand Ratio (%) |
---|---|---|---|
M1 | Seoul-si | Garak | 18.68 |
M2 | Busan-si | Banyeo | 6.56 |
M3 | Daegu-si | Daegu | 4.71 |
M4 | Incheon-si | Namchon | 5.83 |
M5 | Gwangju-si | Seobu | 2.91 |
M6 | Daejeon-si | Ohjung | 2.92 |
M7 | Ulsan-si | Ulsan | 2.21 |
M8 | Gyeonggi-do | Anyang | 26.93 |
M9 | Gangwon-do | Wonju | 3.00 |
M10 | Chungcheongbuk-do | Cheongju | 3.20 |
M11 | Chungcheongnam-do | Cheonan | 4.29 |
M12 | Jeollabuk-do | Jeonju | 3.53 |
M13 | Jeollanam-do | Suncheon | 3.51 |
M14 | Gyeongsangbuk-do | Andong | 5.20 |
M15 | Gyeongsangnam-do | **ju | 6.52 |
Markets | APV Candidate Sites (km) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | |
M1 | 51 | 126 | 205 | 308 | 250 | 267 |
M2 | 386 | 288 | 261 | 302 | 161 | 181 |
M3 | 271 | 163 | 182 | 229 | 42 | 101 |
M4 | 33 | 142 | 217 | 335 | 272 | 292 |
M5 | 289 | 215 | 105 | 24 | 251 | 117 |
M6 | 143 | 36 | 89 | 192 | 162 | 124 |
M7 | 364 | 266 | 299 | 336 | 139 | 214 |
M8 | 35 | 113 | 203 | 306 | 251 | 267 |
M9 | 122 | 121 | 238 | 341 | 168 | 273 |
M10 | 119 | 4 | 124 | 228 | 148 | 159 |
M11 | 66 | 52 | 130 | 233 | 181 | 193 |
M12 | 185 | 122 | 6 | 122 | 227 | 96 |
M13 | 311 | 240 | 120 | 111 | 237 | 114 |
M14 | 234 | 144 | 247 | 322 | 47 | 187 |
M15 | 320 | 222 | 156 | 190 | 147 | 66 |
Markets | APV Candidate Sites (kg) | Total (kg) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | ||
M1 | 0.00 | 89.22 | 0.00 | 588.60 | 0.00 | 353.30 | 1031.12 |
M2 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 362.10 | 362.10 |
M3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 222.08 | 37.90 | 259.98 |
M4 | 321.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 321.81 |
M5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 160.63 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 160.63 |
M6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 161.18 | 161.18 |
M7 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 121.99 | 0.00 | 121.99 |
M8 | 311.12 | 1000.00 | 23.12 | 152.28 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1486.52 |
M9 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 165.60 | 0.00 | 165.60 |
M10 | 0.00 | 176.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 176.64 |
M11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 236.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 236.80 |
M12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 194.85 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 194.85 |
M13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 193.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 193.75 |
M14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 287.03 | 0.00 | 287.03 |
M15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 359.90 | 359.90 |
Total | 632.93 | 1265.86 | 454.77 | 1095.26 | 796.70 | 1274.38 | 5519.90 |
APV Candidate Sites | Location | SMP Case | REC Case 1 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Revenue (USD/Month) | Revenue from Electricity Generation (USD/Month) | Revenue from Corn Production (USD/Month) | Total Revenue (USD/Month) | Revenue from Electricity Generation (USD/Month) | Revenue from Corn Production (USD/Month) | ||
F1 | Hwaseong-si | 680.52 | 102.45 | 578.07 | 739.06 | 160.99 | 578.07 |
F2 | Cheongju-si | 1361.04 | 204.90 | 1156.14 | 1478.12 | 321.98 | 1156.14 |
F3 | Jeonju-si | 591.55 | 176.19 | 415.36 | 692.23 | 276.87 | 415.36 |
F4 | Naju-si | 1205.23 | 204.90 | 1000.33 | 1322.31 | 321.98 | 1000.33 |
F5 | Gunwi-gun | 932.55 | 204.90 | 727.65 | 1049.63 | 321.98 | 727.65 |
F6 | Hamyang-gun | 1368.84 | 204.90 | 1163.94 | 1485.92 | 321.98 | 1163.94 |
APV Candidate Sites | Location | Electricity Production Cost (USD/Month) | Corn Production Cost (USD/Month) | Transportation Cost (USD/Month) | Total Cost (USD/Month) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | Hwaseong-si | 57.58 | 228.39 | 32.87 | 318.83 |
F2 | Cheongju-si | 115.16 | 458.91 | 117.45 | 691.52 |
F3 | Jeonju-si | 99.02 | 394.62 | 163.85 | 657.50 |
F4 | Naju-si | 115.16 | 458.91 | 362.02 | 936.09 |
F5 | Gunwi-gun | 115.16 | 458.91 | 191.40 | 765.47 |
F6 | Hamyang-gun | 115.16 | 458.91 | 357.18 | 931.25 |
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Kim, Y.; On, Y.; So, J.; Kim, S.; Kim, S. A Decision Support Software Application for the Design of Agrophotovoltaic Systems in Republic of Korea. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118830
Kim Y, On Y, So J, Kim S, Kim S. A Decision Support Software Application for the Design of Agrophotovoltaic Systems in Republic of Korea. Sustainability. 2023; 15(11):8830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118830
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Young**, Yeongjae On, Junyong So, Sumin Kim, and Sojung Kim. 2023. "A Decision Support Software Application for the Design of Agrophotovoltaic Systems in Republic of Korea" Sustainability 15, no. 11: 8830. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118830