The Estimation of Lava Flow Temperatures Using Landsat Night-Time Images: Case Studies from Eruptions of Mt. Etna and Stromboli (Sicily, Italy), Kīlauea (Hawaii Island), and Eyjafjallajökull and Holuhraun (Iceland)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Lava Flow Temperature Estimations
3.1.1. Mt. Etna Eruptions 1991–2020
3.1.2. Stromboli Eruptions
3.1.3. The 2018 Eruption at Kīlauea Volcano (Island of Hawaii)
3.1.4. The 2010 Eruption at Eyjafjallajökull (Southern Iceland)
3.1.5. The 2014–15 Eruption at the Holuhraun (Icelandic Highlands)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product ID | Image Acquired | Scene Centre Time | Sensor Type |
---|---|---|---|
Etna (Sicily, Italy) | |||
LT50522101991358FUI00 | 24.12.1991 | 20:10:05 | Landsat 4-5TM |
LT50522101992073FUI00 | 13.03.1992 | 20:09:54 | Landsat 4-5 TM |
LE70522102001217EDC00 | 05.08.2001 | 20:34:48 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
LE70522102001153EDC00 | 02.06.2001 | 20:35:27 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
LE70522102006199EDC00 | 18.07.2006 | 20:35:30 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
LC80522102013338LGN01 | 04.12.2013 | 20:47:22 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC80522102019211LGN00 | 30.07.2019 | 20:45:47 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC80522102020038LGN00 | 07.02.2020 | 20:45:48 | Landsat 8OLI |
AST_L1T_00312262018210330_20181228005119_11516 | 26.12.2018 | 21:03:30 | ASTER TIR |
Stromboli (Sicily, Italy) | |||
LC80522112014229LGN01 | 17.08.2014 | 20:46:13 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC80522112014261LGN01 | 18.09.2014 | 20:46:16 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC80522112014293LGN01 | 20.10.2014 | 20:46:23 | Landsat 8OLI |
Kīlauea (Hawaii Island) | |||
LC81651972017213LGN00 | 01.08.2017 | 08:18:54 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC81661972018143LGN00 | 23.05.2018 | 08:23:59 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC81661982018159LGN00 | 08.06.2018 | 08:24:17 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC81651982018168LGN00 | 17.06.2018 | 08:18:15 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC81661982018175LGN00 | 24.06.2018 | 08:24:28 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC81641972018193LGN00 | 12.07.2018 | 08:11:58 | Landsat 8OLI |
Eyjafjallajökull and Fimmvörðuháls (Iceland) | |||
LE70672292010091EDC00 | 01.04.2010 | 22:18:13 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
LE70672292010107EDC00 | 17.04.2010 | 22:18:13 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
LE70672292010123EDC00 | 03.05.2010 | 22:18:11 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
Holuhraun (Iceland) | |||
LC80642292014297LGN01 | 24.10.2014 | 22:07:41 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC80642292014313LGN01 | 09.11.2014 | 22:07:42 | Landsat 8OLI |
LE70642302014321ASN00 | 17.11.2014 | 22:06:06 | Landsat 7ETM+ |
LC80642302014329LGN01 | 25.11.2014 | 22:08:03 | Landsat 8OLI |
LC80652292014336LGN01 | 02.12.2014 | 22:13:50 | Landsat 8OLI |
Bands | Calibration Constants | Landsat 4-5TM | Landsat 7ETM+ | Landsat 8OLI | Used Central Wavelength (λ) in µm | Pixel Size (m) | Pixel-Integrated Temperatures Which Can Be Detected Without Achieving Saturation [19] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Landsat 4-5TM | Landsat 7ETM+ | Landsat 8OLI | Landsat 4-5TM | Landsat 7ETM+ | ||||||||
min. (°C) | max. (°C) | min. (°C) | max. (°C) | |||||||||
Blue | K1 | 4438321096.9 | 4530975960.1 | 4530975960.1 | 0.485 | 0.483 | 0.483 | 30 × 30 | 1050 | 1490 | 1051 (1075) | 1483 (1526) |
K2 | 29665.3 | 29788.1 | 29788.1 | |||||||||
Green | K1 | 1996944890.0 | 2162655164.6 | 2162655164.6 | 0.569 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 30 × 30 | 960 | 1410 | 900 (922) | 1301 (1340) |
K2 | 25285.9 | 25692.2 | 25692.2 | |||||||||
Panchromatic | K1 | - | 679053366.2 | 1109245158.4 | - | 0.706 | 0.64 | 15 × 15 | - | - | 702 (721) | 1056 (1092) |
K2 | 20379.1 | 22480.7 | ||||||||||
Red | K1 | 958297463.8 | 936779686.0 | 951059600.7 | 0.659 | 0.662 | 0.66 | 30 × 30 | 810 | 1170 | 755 (775) | 1119 (1156) |
K2 | 21832.6 | 21733.6 | 21799.5 | |||||||||
NIR | K1 | 283104930.3 | 293423595.4 | 245950026.9 | 0.841 | 0.835 | 0.865 | 30 × 30 | 620 | 1000 | 595 (613) | 926 (961) |
K2 | 17107.8 | 17230.7 | 16633.1 | |||||||||
SWIR1 | K1 | 2198908.4 | 2279816.4 | 2208831.3 | 2.222 | 2.206 | 2.22 | 30 × 30 | 120 | 290 | 92 (101) | 258 (276) |
K2 | 6475.1 | 6522.1 | 6480.9 | |||||||||
SWIR2 | K1 | 9006526.7 | 9798088.9 | 9738850.3 | 1.676 | 1.648 | 1.65 | 30 × 30 | 220 | 430 | 206 (217) | 417 (440) |
K2 | 8584.5 | 8730.4 | 8719.8 | |||||||||
TIR * | K1 | 607.76 | 666.09 | band 10: 774.9 band 11: 480.9 | - | Landsat TM: 120 × 120; Landsat 7ETM+: 60 × 60; Landsat 8OLI: 100 × 100 | - | - | - | - | ||
K2 | 1260.56 | 1282.71 | band 10: 1321.1 band 11: 1201.1 | - |
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Nádudvari, Á.; Abramowicz, A.; Maniscalco, R.; Viccaro, M. The Estimation of Lava Flow Temperatures Using Landsat Night-Time Images: Case Studies from Eruptions of Mt. Etna and Stromboli (Sicily, Italy), Kīlauea (Hawaii Island), and Eyjafjallajökull and Holuhraun (Iceland). Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162537
Nádudvari Á, Abramowicz A, Maniscalco R, Viccaro M. The Estimation of Lava Flow Temperatures Using Landsat Night-Time Images: Case Studies from Eruptions of Mt. Etna and Stromboli (Sicily, Italy), Kīlauea (Hawaii Island), and Eyjafjallajökull and Holuhraun (Iceland). Remote Sensing. 2020; 12(16):2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162537
Chicago/Turabian StyleNádudvari, Ádám, Anna Abramowicz, Rosanna Maniscalco, and Marco Viccaro. 2020. "The Estimation of Lava Flow Temperatures Using Landsat Night-Time Images: Case Studies from Eruptions of Mt. Etna and Stromboli (Sicily, Italy), Kīlauea (Hawaii Island), and Eyjafjallajökull and Holuhraun (Iceland)" Remote Sensing 12, no. 16: 2537. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162537