Coastal Dam Inundation Assessment for the Yellow River Delta: Measurements, Analysis and Scenario
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Datasets and Methods
2.1. Flow Chart of Datasets and Methods
- Sentinel-1 images are utilised to calculate the land surface deformation rate of the coastal dam using SBAS InSAR;
- Point cloud data of the dam are collected by UAV LiDAR and used to obtain high resolution DEMs;
- Detail points of the dam which are collected using the GNSS real time kinematic (RTK) method are employed to evaluate the accuracy of the DEM;
- Tide and storm surge records are used to simulate sea-level;
- The Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is used to predict sea-level rise [59].
- Deformation rate is calculated using SBAS InSAR;
- DEM is simulated using ArcGIS;
- Sea-level is simulated using Python.
- Integration of all the above datasets to simulate flooding scenarios.
2.2. DEM Acquisition and Accuracy Evaluation
2.2.1. Data Acquisition
2.2.2. Data Processing and DEM Production
2.2.3. Accuracy Evaluation of the LiDAR DEM
2.3. Acquisition of Deformation Rate
2.3.1. SBAS InSAR
2.3.2. Deformation Rate Acquisition
2.3.3. Accuracy Evaluation
2.4. DEM Simulation
2.5. Sea-Level Simulation
2.5.1. Tidal Change Simulation
2.5.2. Storm Surge
2.5.3. Sea-Level Rise
2.6. Bathtub Model for Inundation Assessment
3. Results
3.1. DEM Simulation Results
3.2. Sea-Level Simulation Results
3.3. Inundation Assessment
3.3.1. Scenario of 2020
3.3.2. Scenario of 2030
3.3.3. Scenario of 2050
3.3.4. Scenario of 2100
4. Discussion
4.1. Selection of DEM for Inundation Assessment
4.2. Coastal Dam Deformation and DEM Simulation
4.3. Sea-Level Simulation
4.4. Inundation Assessment Algorithm
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter of DEM Generation | Parameter Setting |
---|---|
Value field | Elevation |
Cell assignment | Average |
Void fill method | Linear Interpolation |
Data type | Float |
Sampling type | Cell-size |
Resolution | 20 cm * 20 cm |
Parameter | Descending Track 76 | Ascending Track 69 |
---|---|---|
Number of SAR images | 30 | 32 |
Time span | 05/10/2016–10/07/2019 | 11/10/2016–04/07/2019 |
Path | 76 | 69 |
Frame | 468 | 119 |
Algorithm | SBAS | SBAS |
DEM | SRTM Global 1-arc-second | SRTM Global 1-arc-second |
Max spatial baseline (m) | 106 | 121.7 |
Min spatial baseline (m) | 5.7 | 4.3 |
Time baseline (days) | 180 | 120 |
Unwrap** method | Delaunay MCF | Delaunay MCF |
Filtering method | Goldstein | Goldstein |
Coherence threshold | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Window size for filter | 64 | 64 |
Range looks | 4 | 4 |
Azimuth looks | 1 | 1 |
Deformation direction | Vertical | Vertical |
Number of interferometric pairs | 116 | 101 |
Deformation Analysis | Value (mm/year) |
---|---|
Maximum (ASC) | 39.2 |
Maximum (DES) | 24.4 |
Minimum (ASC) | −307.2 |
Minimum (DES) | −275.1 |
Mean (ASC-DES) | 2.4 |
RMSE (ASC-DES) | 8.0 |
STD (ASC-DES) | 7.7 |
Correlation (spearman) | 0.83 |
Year | SLR Value(cm) | Tide Change Interval (cm) | Normal Sea-Level Value (cm) | Highest Sea-Level Value (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 0 | [16, 98] | 98 | 248 |
2030 | 10 | [26, 108] | 108 | 258 |
2050 | 33 | [49, 131] | 131 | 281 |
2100 | 98 | [114, 196] | 196 | 348 |
DEM Product | Release Time/Year | Grid Size | Official Elevation Accuracy RMSE/m | Free or Not |
---|---|---|---|---|
SRTMGL1 | 2014 | 1″ | 16 | Yes |
SRTMX | 2010 | 1″ | 16 | Yes |
ASTER GDEM2 | 2011 | 1″ | 20 | Yes |
AW3D Standard | 2014 | 5 m | 5 | No |
AW3D Enhanced | 2014 | 0.5 m1 m2 m | 2 | No |
AW3D30 v2.1 | 2018 | 1″ | 3 | No |
NEXTMAP ONETM | 2016 | 1 m | 1 | No |
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Wang, G.; Li, P.; Li, Z.; Ding, D.; Qiao, L.; Xu, J.; Li, G.; Wang, H. Coastal Dam Inundation Assessment for the Yellow River Delta: Measurements, Analysis and Scenario. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 3658. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213658
Wang G, Li P, Li Z, Ding D, Qiao L, Xu J, Li G, Wang H. Coastal Dam Inundation Assessment for the Yellow River Delta: Measurements, Analysis and Scenario. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12(21):3658. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213658
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Guoyang, Peng Li, Zhenhong Li, Dong Ding, Lulu Qiao, Jishang Xu, Guangxue Li, and Houjie Wang. 2020. "Coastal Dam Inundation Assessment for the Yellow River Delta: Measurements, Analysis and Scenario" Remote Sensing 12, no. 21: 3658. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12213658