“Cool” Roofs as a Heat-Mitigation Measure in Urban Heat Islands: A Comparative Analysis Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Description of the Study Area
2.2. Field and Remotely Sensed Datasets
2.3. Separability Analysis
2.4. Land Use/Cover Map** and Retrievals of Roof Colours
2.5. Land Surface Temperature Retrieval from Landsat 8 Data
2.6. Gram-Schmidt Pan-Sharpening Based Method for LST Image Data Pan-Sharpening
2.7. Intensity Analysis for In-Depth Characterization of Local Climate Zones Changes
2.8. Linking LULC Types and Roof Colours with LST
3. Results
3.1. Separability of LULC and Roofs by Colour
3.2. Land Use/Cover and Roof Colour Map** Using 10 M Resolution Sentinel 2 Data
3.3. Accuracy of LULC and Roof Colour Retrievals from Sentinel 2 Data
3.4. Comparison of 30 M Resolution with Sharpened 10 M Resolution LST Retrievals
3.5. Variations of LST with LULC and Roof Colours
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compared LULC and Roof Classes | TDSI |
---|---|
Green-colour roofs and Grey roofs | 1.708 |
Black roofs and Grey roofs | 1.769 |
Black roofs and Green-colour roofs | 1.826 |
Grey roofs and Red roofs | 1.835 |
Black roofs and Tarred roads | 1.874 |
Black roofs and Red roofs | 1.920 |
Green-colour roofs and Red roofs | 1.928 |
Blue roofs and Grey roofs | 1.930 |
Red roofs and Bare areas | 1.935 |
Blue roofs and Green-colour roofs | 1.944 |
Grey roofs and Tarred roads | 1.945 |
Black roofs and Blue roofs | 1.955 |
Grey roofs and Bare areas | 1.965 |
Black roofs and Bare areas | 1.970 |
Grass and Bare areas | 1.972 |
Grass and Red roofs | 1.985 |
Red roofs and Tarred roads | 1.985 |
Grass and Grey roofs | 1.986 |
Green-colour roofs and Bare areas | 1.990 |
Blue roofs and Tarred roads | 1.994 |
Blue roofs and Red roofs | 1.995 |
Black roofs and Trees | 1.996 |
Grass and Green-colour roofs | 1.997 |
Black roofs and Grass | 1.998 |
Blue roofs and Bare areas | 1.998 |
Grass and Tarred roads | 1.998 |
Grey roofs and Trees | 1.999 |
Blue roofs and Grass | 1.999 |
Tarred roads and Bare areas | 2.000 |
Trees and Bare areas | 2.000 |
Blue roofs and Trees | 2.000 |
Green-colour roofs and Trees | 2.000 |
Grasslands and Trees | 2.000 |
Red roofs and Trees | 2.000 |
Tarred roads and Trees | 2.000 |
LULC and Roof Colour Category | Producer Accuracy (%) | User Accuracy (%) |
---|---|---|
Black roofs | 74.44 | 70.42 |
Blue roofs | 95.79 | 98.45 |
Grasslands | 92.38 | 79.66 |
Green-colour roofs | 81.69 | 90.64 |
Grey roofs | 70.38 | 69.02 |
Red roofs | 93.43 | 94.97 |
Tarred roads | 53.47 | 77.42 |
Trees | 75.96 | 72.51 |
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Mushore, T.; Odindi, J.; Mutanga, O. “Cool” Roofs as a Heat-Mitigation Measure in Urban Heat Islands: A Comparative Analysis Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat Data. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 4247. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174247
Mushore T, Odindi J, Mutanga O. “Cool” Roofs as a Heat-Mitigation Measure in Urban Heat Islands: A Comparative Analysis Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat Data. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(17):4247. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174247
Chicago/Turabian StyleMushore, Terence, John Odindi, and Onisimo Mutanga. 2022. "“Cool” Roofs as a Heat-Mitigation Measure in Urban Heat Islands: A Comparative Analysis Using Sentinel 2 and Landsat Data" Remote Sensing 14, no. 17: 4247. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174247