Global Inversion of Lunar Surface Oxides by Adding Chang’e-5 Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data
2.1. Christiansen Feature
2.2. Diviner CF Map
2.3. Lunar Sampling Sites
3. Methods
3.1. Oxide Inversion Model
3.2. Model Parameters and Evaluation Index
4. Results
4.1. Correlation Coefficients between Oxides and CF Values
4.2. Model Accuracy Evaluation
4.3. Global Maps of Oxides
4.4. Three Geological Units and Interesting Regions of Chemical Abundances
5. Discussion
5.1. Comparison with Previous Studies
5.2. Implications of the Mg# Map
5.3. Limitations and Prospects
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Al2O3 | CaO | FeO | MgO | CF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A11 | 13.45 | 12.01 | 15.80 | 7.81 | 8.286 |
A12 | 13.86 | 10.58 | 15.40 | 9.66 | 8.255 |
A14-LM | 17.69 | 10.32 | 10.53 | 9.52 | 8.214 |
A14-Cone | 17.50 | 11.00 | 10.30 | 9.60 | 8.209 |
A15-LM | 14.45 | 10.25 | 14.95 | 10.65 | 8.257 |
A15-S1 | 13.15 | 10.58 | 15.79 | 10.81 | 8.253 |
A15-S2 | 17.52 | 11.75 | 11.52 | 10.54 | 8.290 |
A15-S4 | 13.22 | 10.46 | 15.96 | 11.19 | 8.272 |
A15-S6 | 16.47 | 11.29 | 12.14 | 10.51 | 8.247 |
A15-S7 | 15.92 | 10.12 | 12.37 | 11.17 | 8.247 |
A15-S8 | 14.46 | 10.38 | 14.98 | 10.35 | 8.257 |
A15-S9 | 12.54 | 10.31 | 16.61 | 10.98 | 8.250 |
A15-S9a | 10.31 | 9.39 | 20.19 | 11.36 | 8.250 |
A16-LM | 27.60 | 15.42 | 5.44 | 5.70 | 8.165 |
A16-S1 | 26.60 | 15.60 | 5.40 | 6.10 | 8.177 |
A16-S2 | 27.00 | 15.60 | 5.50 | 6.00 | 8.177 |
A16-S4 | 27.60 | 15.70 | 4.60 | 5.40 | 8.176 |
A16-S5 | 26.20 | 15.10 | 5.90 | 6.20 | 8.170 |
A16-S6 | 27.10 | 16.40 | 6.00 | 6.90 | 8.170 |
A16-S8 | 26.50 | 15.40 | 5.40 | 6.20 | 8.203 |
A16-S9 | 26.30 | 15.50 | 5.70 | 6.30 | 8.203 |
A16-S11 | 28.60 | 16.70 | 4.20 | 4.50 | 8.180 |
A16-S13 | 27.70 | 15.80 | 4.66 | 5.32 | 8.145 |
A17-LM | 12.10 | 11.10 | 16.60 | 9.80 | 8.257 |
A17-S1 | 10.90 | 10.80 | 17.80 | 9.60 | 8.279 |
A17-S2 | 20.70 | 12.80 | 8.70 | 9.90 | 8.201 |
A17-S3 | 20.40 | 12.90 | 8.70 | 10.20 | 8.220 |
A17-S5 | 10.90 | 10.80 | 17.70 | 9.60 | 8.260 |
A17-S6 | 18.30 | 12.20 | 10.70 | 10.80 | 8.224 |
A17-S7 | 17.30 | 11.90 | 11.60 | 10.10 | 8.228 |
A17-S8 | 16.60 | 11.80 | 12.30 | 10.20 | 8.223 |
A17-S9 | 13.90 | 11.30 | 15.40 | 10.00 | 8.286 |
A17-LRV1 | 12.60 | 11.20 | 16.30 | 9.40 | 8.281 |
A17-LRV2 | 16.10 | 11.90 | 13.40 | 10.30 | 8.223 |
A17-LRV3 | 14.40 | 11.30 | 14.80 | 10.40 | 8.223 |
A17-LRV4/S2a | 21.40 | 12.80 | 8.50 | 9.60 | 8.216 |
A17-LRV5 | 19.90 | 12.80 | 9.80 | 8.90 | 8.220 |
A17-LRV6 | 19.40 | 12.50 | 10.30 | 9.90 | 8.241 |
A17-LRV7 | 12.80 | 10.70 | 16.10 | 10.30 | 8.259 |
A17-LRV8 | 13.50 | 11.30 | 15.70 | 9.90 | 8.266 |
A17-LRV9 | 14.30 | 11.30 | 14.60 | 9.80 | 8.276 |
A17-LRV10 | 17.50 | 12.10 | 11.20 | 10.50 | 8.224 |
A17-LRV11 | 16.30 | 11.90 | 12.70 | 10.00 | 8.267 |
A17-LRV12 | 11.20 | 10.80 | 17.40 | 9.40 | 8.251 |
Luna16 | 15.24 | 12.50 | 16.70 | 8.80 | 8.295 |
Luna20 | 22.90 | 14.50 | 7.50 | 9.20 | 8.203 |
Luna24 | 11.10 | 11.10 | 20.50 | 10.20 | 8.296 |
CE-3 | 11.90 | 10.60 | 21.60 | 9.60 | 8.301 |
CE-5 | 10.80 | 10.90 | 22.20 | 6.48 | 8.280 |
Parameters | Al2O3 | CaO | FeO | MgO |
---|---|---|---|---|
n_estimators | 582 | 518 | 530 | 584 |
learning_rate | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Parameters | Al2O3 | CaO | FeO | MgO |
---|---|---|---|---|
intercept | 1067.8859 | 355.0624 | −831.7237 | −247.5031 |
coefficient | −127.5548 | −41.6391 | 102.4634 | 31.1801 |
Global | Maria | Highlands | SPA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AVG | STD | AVG | STD | AVG | STD | AVG | STD | |
Al2O3 | 23.63 | 5.64 | 14.71 | 3.98 | 25.66 | 3.86 | 19.80 | 5.18 |
CaO | 14.42 | 2.10 | 11.45 | 1.18 | 15.12 | 1.66 | 12.74 | 2.20 |
FeO | 7.78 | 4.47 | 15.09 | 4.31 | 6.16 | 2.64 | 10.01 | 3.98 |
MgO | 7.14 | 2.15 | 9.88 | 1.10 | 6.46 | 1.80 | 8.81 | 2.04 |
Mg# | 0.50 | 5.65 | 0.41 | 6.77 | 0.52 | 2.90 | 0.48 | 5.40 |
Mare | Al2O3 | CaO | FeO | MgO | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AVG | STD | AVG | STD | AVG | STD | AVG | STD | |
Mare Anguis | 19.39 | 4.91 | 12.59 | 1.97 | 10.34 | 3.77 | 9.02 | 1.85 |
Mare Australe | 19.85 | 4.72 | 12.70 | 2.04 | 9.87 | 3.47 | 8.94 | 1.91 |
Mare Cognitum | 13.62 | 2.77 | 11.16 | 0.71 | 16.00 | 3.26 | 10.03 | 0.82 |
Mare Crisium | 13.84 | 3.19 | 11.27 | 0.84 | 15.94 | 3.67 | 9.98 | 0.91 |
Mare Fecunditatis | 14.24 | 3.13 | 11.28 | 0.78 | 15.38 | 3.65 | 10.02 | 0.78 |
Mare Frigoris | 15.97 | 3.12 | 11.45 | 0.94 | 13.18 | 2.99 | 10.08 | 0.67 |
Mare Humorum | 13.47 | 2.97 | 11.17 | 0.89 | 16.36 | 3.70 | 10.03 | 0.91 |
Mare Imbrium | 13.19 | 2.71 | 11.18 | 0.66 | 16.85 | 3.55 | 10.06 | 0.75 |
Mare Marginis | 14.34 | 3.03 | 11.21 | 0.83 | 14.98 | 3.19 | 10.01 | 0.83 |
Mare Moscoviense | 14.84 | 3.08 | 11.29 | 0.84 | 14.41 | 3.21 | 10.04 | 0.75 |
Mare Nectaris | 16.96 | 3.95 | 11.76 | 1.41 | 12.28 | 3.42 | 9.76 | 1.21 |
Mare Nubium | 15.49 | 3.66 | 11.45 | 1.13 | 13.77 | 3.51 | 9.91 | 1.00 |
Mare Orientale | 19.44 | 5.01 | 12.64 | 2.02 | 10.34 | 3.79 | 8.99 | 1.92 |
Mare Serenitatis | 13.02 | 2.29 | 11.15 | 0.46 | 16.97 | 3.20 | 10.05 | 0.73 |
Mare Smythii | 13.99 | 2.73 | 11.16 | 0.69 | 15.39 | 3.06 | 10.04 | 0.78 |
Mare Spumans | 14.05 | 2.69 | 11.12 | 0.70 | 15.19 | 2.85 | 10.04 | 0.78 |
Mare Tranquillitatis | 12.57 | 2.26 | 11.16 | 0.37 | 17.93 | 3.28 | 10.11 | 0.58 |
Mare Undarum | 14.42 | 3.01 | 11.23 | 0.78 | 14.95 | 3.29 | 10.04 | 0.76 |
Mare Vaporum | 13.18 | 2.79 | 10.93 | 1.46 | 15.90 | 3.48 | 9.89 | 1.45 |
Mare Insularum | 15.51 | 4.10 | 11.43 | 1.58 | 13.59 | 3.84 | 9.77 | 1.39 |
Oceanus Procellarum | 13.19 | 2.77 | 11.21 | 0.60 | 16.97 | 3.65 | 10.07 | 0.69 |
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Wu, S.; Chen, J.; Xue, C.; Pan, Y.; Zhang, C. Global Inversion of Lunar Surface Oxides by Adding Chang’e-5 Samples. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101812
Wu S, Chen J, Xue C, Pan Y, Zhang C. Global Inversion of Lunar Surface Oxides by Adding Chang’e-5 Samples. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(10):1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101812
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Shuangshuang, Jian** Chen, Chenli Xue, Yiwen Pan, and Cheng Zhang. 2024. "Global Inversion of Lunar Surface Oxides by Adding Chang’e-5 Samples" Remote Sensing 16, no. 10: 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16101812