Surface Motion and Structural Instability Monitoring of Ming Dynasty City Walls by Two-Step Tomo-PSInSAR Approach in Nan**g City, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Site and Data Used
2.1. Study Site
3. Principles and Methodology
3.1. Rational Basis
3.2. Two-Step Tomo-PSInSAR Approach
3.3. Technology Improvements
4. Results and Interpretation
4.1. Regional-Scale Monitoring
4.2. Monument-Scale Monitoring
4.2.1. Section-1
4.2.2. Section-2
4.2.3. Section-3
4.3. Validation
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Acquisitions | Bperp (m) | Temp. (°C) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2013-05-31 | 113.83 | 24.0 |
2 | 2013-06-22 | 303.16 | 31.0 |
3 | 2013-07-14 | 254.63 | 32.0 |
4 | 2013-08-05 | 68.81 | 36.0 |
5 | 2013-08-27 | −102.96 | 32.0 |
6 | 2013-09-18 | 23.02 | 29.0 |
7 | 2013-10-10 | 35.22 | 28.0 |
8 | 2013-11-01 | −33.09 | 20.0 |
9 | 2013-11-23 | −125.49 | 18.0 |
10 | 2013-12-15 | 0.66 | 12.0 |
11 | 2014-01-06 | −87.22 | 13.0 |
12 | 2014-01-28 * | 0 | 13.0 |
13 | 2014-02-19 | 140.29 | 5.0 |
14 | 2014-05-18 | −49.15 | 25.0 |
15 | 2014-06-09 | 375.85 | 31.0 |
16 | 2014-07-01 | −10.11 | 25.0 |
17 | 2014-07-23 | −219.30 | 35.0 |
18 | 2014-08-14 | −28.35 | 24.0 |
19 | 2014-09-05 | 127.44 | 29.0 |
20 | 2014-09-27 | 19.78 | 28.0 |
21 | 2014-10-19 | 149.93 | 27.0 |
22 | 2014-11-10 | 91.43 | 17.0 |
23 | 2014-12-02 | −154.36 | 6.0 |
24 | 2014-12-24 | 195.37 | 12.0 |
25 | 2015-01-15 | −151.47 | 10.0 |
26 | 2015-02-06 | 76.89 | 9.0 |
Velocity Rates (mm/Year) | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.3 | 0.6 | −2.0 | −3.1 | −1.6 | −4.3 | −6.3 | −4.6 | −3.7 | −3.6 | −3.4 | −1.7 | −0.6 | −3.2 | ||
1.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | −2.6 | −3.8 | −2.7 | −5.7 | −2.1 | −2.4 | −3.8 | −2.5 | −3.6 | −5.9 | −2.3 | −4.1 |
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Chen, F.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Parcharidis, I.; Ma, P.; **ao, R.; Xu, J.; Zhou, W.; Tang, P.; Foumelis, M. Surface Motion and Structural Instability Monitoring of Ming Dynasty City Walls by Two-Step Tomo-PSInSAR Approach in Nan**g City, China. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040371
Chen F, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Parcharidis I, Ma P, **ao R, Xu J, Zhou W, Tang P, Foumelis M. Surface Motion and Structural Instability Monitoring of Ming Dynasty City Walls by Two-Step Tomo-PSInSAR Approach in Nan**g City, China. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(4):371. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040371
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Fulong, Yuhua Wu, Yimeng Zhang, Issaak Parcharidis, Peifeng Ma, Ruya **ao, Jia Xu, Wei Zhou, Panpan Tang, and Michael Foumelis. 2017. "Surface Motion and Structural Instability Monitoring of Ming Dynasty City Walls by Two-Step Tomo-PSInSAR Approach in Nan**g City, China" Remote Sensing 9, no. 4: 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040371