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Article

How to Crystallize Glass with a Femtosecond Laser

Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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Crystals 2024, 14(7), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14070606
Submission received: 22 April 2024 / Revised: 15 June 2024 / Accepted: 22 June 2024 / Published: 30 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser–Material Interaction: Principles, Phenomena, and Applications)

Abstract

The crystallization of glass through conventional thermal annealing in a furnace is a well-understood process. However, crystallization by femtosecond (fs) laser brings another dimension to this process. The pulsed nature of the irradiation necessitates a reevaluation of the parameters for optimal crystallization and an understanding of the particularities of using fs laser. This includes adjusting the laser pulse energy, the repetition rate, and the writing speed to either initiate nucleation or achieve substantial crystal growth. Therefore, a key challenge of this work is to establish reliable calculations for understanding the link between the size of the crystallized region and an ongoing transition (e.g., solid-to-solid, liquid-to-solid), while accounting for the aforementioned laser parameters. In this context, and based on previous work, a temperature distribution (in space and time) is simulated to model the thermal treatment at any point in the glass. By setting the condition that the temperatures are between the glass transition and melting temperature, the simulated crystallized region size can be compared with experimental observations. For that purpose, knowledge of the beam width at the focal point and of the absorbed beam energy fraction are critical inputs that were extracted from experiments found in the literature. After that, the management of the crystallization process and the width of the crystallization line can be achieved according to pulse energy, e.g., crystallite size, and also the effect of the scanning speed can be understood. Among the main conclusions to highlight, we disclose the laser conditions that determine the extent of the crystallized area and deduce that it is never of interest to increase the pulse energy too much as opposed to the repetition rate for the uniform crystallized line.
Keywords: laser induced crystallization in glass, crystallization of oxide glass, femtosecond laser laser induced crystallization in glass, crystallization of oxide glass, femtosecond laser

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MDPI and ACS Style

Que, R.; Lancry, M.; Cavillon, M.; Poumellec, B. How to Crystallize Glass with a Femtosecond Laser. Crystals 2024, 14, 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14070606

AMA Style

Que R, Lancry M, Cavillon M, Poumellec B. How to Crystallize Glass with a Femtosecond Laser. Crystals. 2024; 14(7):606. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14070606

Chicago/Turabian Style

Que, Ruyue, Matthieu Lancry, Maxime Cavillon, and Bertrand Poumellec. 2024. "How to Crystallize Glass with a Femtosecond Laser" Crystals 14, no. 7: 606. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14070606

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