Brain CHID1 Expression Correlates with NRGN and CALB1 in Healthy Subjects and AD Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Selection
2.2. Clinical and Neuropathological Criteria
2.3. Data Processing and Experimental Design
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sex-Dependent Differences in CHID1 Brain Expression of NDHC Subjects and AD Patients
3.2. Neurodegeneration Markers Correlated with CHID1 Expression Levels in the CNS
3.3. CHID1 Levels Are Differentially Expressed in Eight Brain Regions
3.4. ROC Analysis Confirmed the Diagnostic Ability of CHID1 to Discriminate AD Patients from NDHC Subjects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N° | Dataset | Organism | Platform | NDHC | AD | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GSE33000 | Homo sapiens | GPL4372 | HBTRC | 144 | 310 | [51] |
2 | GSE28894 | Homo sapiens | GPL6104 | NIA | 29 | 0 | [52] |
3 | GSE35978 | Homo sapiens | GPL6244 | SMRI | 13 | 0 | [53] |
4 | GSE15745 | Homo sapiens | GPL6104 | UMBB | 132 | 0 | [54] |
5 | GSE44772 | Homo sapiens | GPL4372 | HBTRC | 273 | 387 | [55] |
6 | GSE36192 | Homo sapiens | GPL6947 | NIA | 379 | 0 | [56] |
7 | GSE60862 | Homo sapiens | GPL5175 | UKBEC | 226 | 0 | [57] |
8 | GSE118553 | Homo sapiens | GPL10558 | MRC-LBB | 72 | 167 | [58] |
9 | GSE25219 | Homo sapiens | GPL5175 | BTBDDUM | 27 | 0 | [59] |
10 | GSE71620 | Homo sapiens | GPL11532 | PBTDP | 208 | 0 | [60] |
11 | GSE5392 | Homo sapiens | GPL96 | SMRIC | 3 | 0 | [61] |
12 | GSE36980 | Homo sapiens | GPL6244 | KU | 47 | 32 | [62] |
13 | GSE26927 | Homo sapiens | GPL6255 | BNEN | 4 | 11 | [63] |
14 | GSE84422 | Homo sapiens | GPL570 | MSBB | 28 | 74 | [64] |
15 | GSE5281 | Homo sapiens | GPL570 | ADCs | 74 | 87 | [65] |
16 | GSE48350 | Homo sapiens | GPL570 | ADC | 93 | 80 | [66] |
17 | GSE11882 | Homo sapiens | GPL570 | MSBB | 93 | 0 | [67] |
18 | GSE28146 | Homo sapiens | GPL570 | BBADRCUK | 8 | 22 | [68] |
Age Stage | NDHCS | AD | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 53–65 middle-age | 734 = 582 male + 152 female | 59 = 34 male + 25 female |
2 | 65–75 senior | 425 = 291 male + 134 female | 219 = 75 male + 144 female |
3 | 76–89 elderly | 493 = 328 male + 165 female | 639 = 361 male + 278 female |
4 | 90–99 nonagenarian | 179 = 61 male + 118 female | 235 = 187 male + 48 female |
5 | >100 centenarian | 22 = 4 male + 18 female | 18 = 13 male + 5 female |
Total sample | 1853 | 1170 |
N° | Brain Regions | Abbreviations | Brain Portions | n° of Sample | Age |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | prefrontal | PFC | prefrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; medial prefrontal cortex; ofc (orbitofrontal cortex); orbitofrontal cortex; orbital prefrontal cortex; ventral forebrain; ventrolateral cortex; ventrolateral prefrontal cortex | 1045 = 784 male + 261 female | 51.18 ± 21 |
2 | frontal | FC | frontal cortex frontal pole (Brodmann area 9, 10); medial frontal cortex | 868 = 577 male + 291 female | 51.07 ± 26.08 |
3 | occipital | OC | occipital cortex; primary visual cortex; visual cortex | 286 = 207 male + 79 female | 55.16 ± 25.44 |
4 | cerebellum | CB | cerebellar cortex; cerebellum; upper (rostral) rhombic lip | 1009 = 693 male + 316 female | 50.9 ± 24.52 |
5 | temporal | TP | inferior temporal cortex; primary auditory cortex; superior temporal cortex; superior temporal cortex (Brodmann area 22); temporal cortex; ventral head of the caudate nucleus | 466 = 174 male + 292 female | 47.77 ± 29.01 |
6 | cingulate | CYN | anterior cingulate; caudal ganglionic eminence; lateral ganglionic eminence; medial ganglionic eminence; medial temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; posterior cingulate; posterior cingulate cortex; subpial grey matter lesions from the frontal gyri; superior frontal gyrus | 319 = 196 male + 123 female | 61.35 ± 22.55 |
7 | diencephalon | DIE | basal ganglia; dorsal thalamus; putamen; striatum; nucleus accumbens; substantia nigra; thalamus; mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus | 450 = 304 male + 146 female | 55.41 ± 24.47 |
8 | limbic system | LS | amygdala; entorhinal cortex; hippocampus | 563 = 356 male + 207 female | 56.83 ± 26.31 |
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Castrogiovanni, P.; Sanfilippo, C.; Imbesi, R.; Maugeri, G.; Lo Furno, D.; Tibullo, D.; Castorina, A.; Musumeci, G.; Di Rosa, M. Brain CHID1 Expression Correlates with NRGN and CALB1 in Healthy Subjects and AD Patients. Cells 2021, 10, 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10040882
Castrogiovanni P, Sanfilippo C, Imbesi R, Maugeri G, Lo Furno D, Tibullo D, Castorina A, Musumeci G, Di Rosa M. Brain CHID1 Expression Correlates with NRGN and CALB1 in Healthy Subjects and AD Patients. Cells. 2021; 10(4):882. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10040882
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastrogiovanni, Paola, Cristina Sanfilippo, Rosa Imbesi, Grazia Maugeri, Debora Lo Furno, Daniele Tibullo, Alessandro Castorina, Giuseppe Musumeci, and Michelino Di Rosa. 2021. "Brain CHID1 Expression Correlates with NRGN and CALB1 in Healthy Subjects and AD Patients" Cells 10, no. 4: 882. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10040882