Influences of Long-Term Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Age-Related Telomere Shortening in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Model
2.2. Experimental Design and Treatment
2.3. Euthanasia and Sample Preparation
2.4. Analysis of Relative Telomere Length (RTL) in PBMCs and Solid Organs
- Telomere For: 5′-CGGTTTGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTTTGGGTT-3′;
- Telomere Rev: 3′-GGCTTGCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCTTACCCT-5′;
- GAPDH For: 5′-CACCTAGACAAGGATGCAGAG-3′;
- GAPDH Rev: 3′-GCATGACTGGAGGAATCACA-5′.
2.5. The mRNA Expression Analyses in Blood Cells and Solid Organs
- 5.
- Β-actin: 5′-CTTCCTTCCTGGGTATGGAATCCTG-3′;
- 6.
- Tert: 5′-ATCGAGCAGAGCATCTCCATGAATG-3′;
- 7.
- Terf-1: 5′-AAAACAGACATGGCTTTGGGAAGAA-3′;
- 8.
- Terf-2: 5′-GAGAAAATTTAGACTGTTCCTTTGA-3′.
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of the Animal Model
3.2. Influence of HFD on RTL and the Expression of Telomere-Regulating Genes in Different Tissues
3.3. Influence of Exercise on RTL and the Expression of Telomere-Regulating Genes in Different Tissues
3.4. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organs | Measurement | ND | HFD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sedentary n = 22 | Exercising n = 22 | Sedentary n = 16 | Exercising n = 12 | ||
heart | average weight | 1.31 ± 0.21 | 1.24 ± 0.11 | 1.40 ± 0.14 | 1.46 ± 0.19 ### |
normalized weight | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.03 ### | |
spleen | average weight | 0.98 ± 0.16 | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 1.20 ± 0.16 ### | 1.18 ± 0.23 ## |
normalized weight | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.04 ### | |
liver | average weight | 12.53 ± 1.72 | 12.50 ± 1.80 | 14.03 ± 2.36 # | 15.16 ± 4.40 # |
normalized weight | 2.67 ± 0.31 | 2.56 ± 0.68 | 2.98 ± 0.52 # | 3.28 ± 0.89 # | |
visceral fat | average weight | 13.20 ± 5.26 | 10.46 ± 4.48 | 40.13 ± 12.81 ### | 39.46 ± 23.20 ### |
normalized weight | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.018 ### | 0.07 ± 0.03 ### |
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Semeraro, M.D.; Almer, G.; Renner, W.; Gruber, H.-J.; Herrmann, M. Influences of Long-Term Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Age-Related Telomere Shortening in Rats. Cells 2022, 11, 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101605
Semeraro MD, Almer G, Renner W, Gruber H-J, Herrmann M. Influences of Long-Term Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Age-Related Telomere Shortening in Rats. Cells. 2022; 11(10):1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101605
Chicago/Turabian StyleSemeraro, Maria Donatella, Gunter Almer, Wilfried Renner, Hans-Jürgen Gruber, and Markus Herrmann. 2022. "Influences of Long-Term Exercise and High-Fat Diet on Age-Related Telomere Shortening in Rats" Cells 11, no. 10: 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101605