Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bile Acids and Intestinal Barrier
2.1. Bile Acids and Intestinal Epithelial Cells Tight Junctions
2.2. Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota
2.3. Bile Acids, Intestinal Stem Cells (ISCs), and Epithelial Injury Repair
2.4. Bile Acids and Intestinal Local Immune Homeostasis
3. Bile Acid and Intestinal-Barrier-Dysfunction-Related Diseases
3.1. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs)
3.2. Gut Origin of Sepsis
3.3. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
3.4. Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
3.5. Aging
4. Conclusions and Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Diseases | BAs | BARs | Mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
IBD | PBAs↑ SBAs↓ | Inhibit FXR and TGR5 | Alter the expression of tight junction proteins and the renewal of intestinal stem cells; inhibit Paneth cell function and type I interferon signaling. | [32,47,48,49,50,51] |
Sepsis | TBAs↑ TωMCA↑ | Inhibit FXR and TGR5 | TUDCA prevents sepsis through inhibiting TGR5-NF-κB and endoplasmic reticulum stress. TBAs increase the gut barrier integrity. | [52,53,54,55,56,57] |
NAFLD | DCA↑ Conjugated PBAs↑ Unconjugated PBAs↓ | Inhibit FXR | Interfere with TLR4/TGF-β1 signaling pathway, activate autophagy and intestinal integrity, decrease intestinal barrier function, and induce changes in microbiota composition. | [58,59,60,61,62,63,64] |
CRC | CA↑ DCA↑ CDCA↓ LCA↓ | Inhibit FXR-FGF15 Enhance TGR5 | Promotes dysregulated immunity, loss of the intestinal barrier, invasion of microbial and pathogenic metabolites, and increases inflammation. | [65,66,67,68] |
Aging | LCA↓ iso-LCA↓ 3-oxo-LCA↓ | Inhibit RORγt | Encourage age-related immune dysregulation and promote chronic inflammation. | [42,69,70,71,72,73] |
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Shi, L.; **, L.; Huang, W. Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases. Cells 2023, 12, 1888. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141888
Shi L, ** L, Huang W. Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases. Cells. 2023; 12(14):1888. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141888
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Linsen, Lihua **, and Wendong Huang. 2023. "Bile Acids, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Related Diseases" Cells 12, no. 14: 1888. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12141888