Calreticulin Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Turnover and Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. S-RBD Partially Resembles the EVH1 Domain and Interacts with the Proline-Rich Domain of CALR
3.2. Calreticulin Regulates the Turnover of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
3.3. Calreticulin Regulates Spike Protein Levels via Lysosomal-Dependent Degradation
3.4. Calreticulin Regulates Infectivity and SARS-CoV-2-Induced Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis in Human Endothelial Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rahimi, N.; White, M.R.; Amraei, R.; Lotfollahzadeh, S.; **a, C.; Michalak, M.; Costello, C.E.; Mühlberger, E. Calreticulin Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Turnover and Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. Cells 2023, 12, 2694. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232694
Rahimi N, White MR, Amraei R, Lotfollahzadeh S, **a C, Michalak M, Costello CE, Mühlberger E. Calreticulin Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Turnover and Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. Cells. 2023; 12(23):2694. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232694
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahimi, Nader, Mitchell R. White, Razie Amraei, Saran Lotfollahzadeh, Chaoshuang **a, Marek Michalak, Catherine E. Costello, and Elke Mühlberger. 2023. "Calreticulin Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Turnover and Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity" Cells 12, no. 23: 2694. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232694