Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 and O3 during Winter of 2013 and 2018 in Bei**g
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data Collection and Model Settings
2.1. Data Collection and Sample Testing
2.1.1. Monitoring Data Collection
2.1.2. Simulation Data Collection
2.1.3. Sample Collection and Testing
2.2. Models and Methods
2.2.1. Hysplit Model and PSCF Method
2.2.2. WRF and CAMx Models
2.2.3. Modeling Verification of WRF and CAMx
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of PM2.5 and O3
3.2. Potential Pollution Sources
3.3. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 and O3
3.4. Emission Reduction Effect on PM2.5 Pollution Improvement
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Wu, W.; Zhang, M.; Ding, Y. Exploring the effect of economic and environment factors on PM2.5 concentration: A case study of the Bei**g-Tian**-Hebei region. J. Environ. Manag. 2020, 268, 110703. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, G.; Huang, J.; Li, X. Mining sequential patterns of PM2.5 pollution in three zones in China. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 170, 388–398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gui, K.; Che, H.; Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, H.; Zheng, Y.; Sun, T.; Zhang, X. Satellite-derived PM2.5 concentration trends over Eastern China from 1998 to 2016: Relationships to emissions and meteorological parameters. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 247, 1125–1133. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wu, X.; **. Geoderma 2012, 170, 217–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Y.; Cheng, S.; Li, J.; Lang, J.; Li, L.; Chen, D. A new statistical modeling and optimization framework for establishing high-resolution PM10 emission inventory-II. Integrated air quality simulation and optimization for performance improvement. Atmos. Environ. 2012, 60, 623–631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lang, J.; Tian, J.; Zhou, Y.; Li, K.; Chen, D.; Huang, Q.; **ng, X.; Zhang, Y.; Cheng, S. A high temporal-spatial resolution air pollutant emission inventory for agricultural machinery in China. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 183, 1110–1121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, T.; Zang, L.; Wan, Y.; Wang, W.; Zhang, Y. Ground-level PM2.5 estimation over urban agglomerations in China with high spatiotemporal resolution based on Himawari-8. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 676, 535–544. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, D.; Liu, X.; Lang, J.; Zhou, Y.; Wei, L.; Wang, X.; Guo, X. Estimating the contribution of regional transport to PM2.5 air pollution in a rural area on the North China Plain. Sci. Total Environ. 2017, 583, 280–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, Y.; Lang, J.; Cheng, S.; Li, S.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, D.; Zhang, H.; Wang, H. Chemical composition and source of PM1 and PM2.5 in Bei**g in autumn. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 630, 72–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, H.; Cheng, S.; Wang, X.; Yao, S.; Zhu, F. Continuous monitoring, compositions analysis and the implication of regional transport for submicron and fine aerosols in Bei**g, China. Atmos. Environ. 2018, 195, 30–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, H.; Cheng, S.; Yao, S.; Wang, X.; Wang, C. Insights into the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 transport flux across the district, city and region in the North China Plain. Atmos. Environ. 2019, 218, 117010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Wei, W.; Cheng, S.; Zhang, H.; Yao, S. Source estimation of SO42− and NO3− based on monitoring-modeling approach during winter and summer seasons in Bei**g and Tangshan, China. Atmos. Environ. 2019, 214, 116849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Y.; Zi, T.; Lang, J.; Huang, D.; Wei, P.; Chen, D.; Cheng, S. Impact of rural residential coal combustion on air pollution in Shandong, China. Chemosphere 2020, 260, 127517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, D.; Liu, Z.; Fast, J.; Ban, J. Simulations of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) aerosols during the extreme haze events over northern China in October 2014. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016, 16, 10707–10724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wang, X.; Wei, W.; Cheng, S.; Zhang, C.; Duan, W. A monitoring-modeling approach to SO42− and NO3− secondary conversion ratio estimation during haze periods in Bei**g, China. J. Environ. Sci. 2018, 78, 293–302. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Xu, J.; Zhang, M.; Yang, Y.; Shen, X.; Wang, Y.; Chen, D.; Guo, J. A study of the meteorological causes of a prolonged and severe haze episode in January 2013 over central-eastern China. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 98, 146–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, J.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Z.; Ji, D.; Hu, B.; Liu, Q.; Wang, Y. Characterization of submicron aerosols during a month of serious pollution in Bei**g, 2013. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2014, 14, 2887–2903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, X.; Cheng, S.; Li, J.; Lang, J.; Wang, G. Characteristics of chemical composition in PM2.5 in Bei**g before, during, and after a Large-Scale International Event. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2017, 17, 896–907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, N.; Wang, G.; Li, G.; Lang, J.; Zhang, H. Air pollution episodes during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Bei**g-Tian**-Hebei region of China: An insight into the transport pathways and source distribution. Environ. Pollut. 2020, 267, 115617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Time Period | Indicators | NMB | COR |
---|---|---|---|
2013 | PM2.5 concentration | −8.7% | 0.69 |
Temperature | −1.3% | 0.68 | |
Wind speed | 22.2% | 0.46 | |
2018 | PM2.5 concentration | 4.5% | 0.72 |
Temperature | −0.7% | 0.88 | |
Wind speed | 34.8% | 0.57 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Zhong, Y.; Wang, X.; Cheng, S. Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 and O3 during Winter of 2013 and 2018 in Bei**g. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121324
Zhong Y, Wang X, Cheng S. Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 and O3 during Winter of 2013 and 2018 in Bei**g. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(12):1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121324
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhong, Yisheng, **aoqi Wang, and Shuiyuan Cheng. 2020. "Characteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 and O3 during Winter of 2013 and 2018 in Bei**g" Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121324