Effects of Juvenile Hormone Analog and Days after Emergence on the Reproduction of Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing
2.2. JHA Treatment
2.3. Adult Age Treatment
2.4. Reproductive Parameter Determination
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Reproductive Performance of M. separata between Residents and Migrants Exposed to JHA at Various Ages
3.2. Effect of JHA on Reproductive Performance of M. separata Populations at Various Ages
3.3. Effect of Age on Reproductive Performances of M. separata Populations Treated by JHA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reproductive Parameters | Source | Df | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preoviposition period (days) | Population | 1 | 53.974 | <0.001 * |
JHA treatment | 1 | 53.619 | <0.001 * | |
Age | 3 | 4.084 | <0.001 * | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 0.019 | 0.890 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 0.638 | 0.591 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 6.625 | <0.001 * | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.179 | 0.836 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Lifetime fecundity (per female) | Population | 1 | 15.483 | <0.001 * |
JHA treatment | 1 | 28.635 | <0.001 * | |
Age | 3 | 3.545 | 0.015 * | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 0.145 | 0.703 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 0.647 | 0.585 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 2.628 | 0.050 * | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.156 | 0.856 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Oviposition period (days) | Population | 1 | 3.680 | 0.056 |
JHA treatment | 1 | 0.856 | 0.355 | |
Age | 3 | 1.296 | 0.237 | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 1.091 | 0.297 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 0.370 | 0.774 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.545 | 0.652 | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.196 | 0.822 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Mating frequency | Population | 1 | 1.616 | 0.204 |
JHA treatment | 1 | 18.532 | <0.001 * | |
Age | 3 | 1.487 | 0.150 | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 1.755 | 0.186 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 2.179 | 0.090 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 1.945 | 0.121 | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.204 | 0.815 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Mating percentage (%) | Population | 1 | 1.365 | 0.243 |
JHA treatment | 1 | 14.986 | <0.001 * | |
Age | 3 | 1.406 | 0.183 | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 0.026 | 0.871 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 1.817 | 0.143 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.726 | 0.537 | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.177 | 0.838 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Female longevity (days) | Population | 1 | 10.454 | 0.001 * |
JHA treatment | 1 | 24.492 | <0.001 * | |
Age | 3 | 2.637 | 0.006 * | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 2.573 | 0.109 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 0.618 | 0.603 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 8.663 | <0.001 * | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.090 | 0.914 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Male longevity (days) | Population | 1 | 1.060 | 0.304 |
JHA treatment | 1 | 0.003 | 0.957 | |
Age | 3 | 0.716 | 0.694 | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 0.264 | 0.607 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 2.778 | 0.041 * | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 1.160 | 0.325 | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.213 | 0.808 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 | |||
Ovarian development grade | Population | 1 | 1.814 | 0.064 |
JHA treatment | 1 | 27.819 | <0.001 * | |
Age | 3 | 0.919 | 0.508 | |
Population × JHA treatment | 1 | 0.813 | 0.368 | |
Population × Age | 3 | 0.250 | 0.861 | |
JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 2.451 | 0.063 | |
Population × JHA treatment × Age | 3 | 0.004 | 0.996 | |
Sum of Squares Error | 460 |
Parameters | Population | JHA Treatment | Age (Days after Emergence) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p-Value | r | p-Value | r | p-Value | |
Preoviposition period | 0.305 | <0.001 * | −0.318 | <0.001 * | 0.148 | 0.001 * |
Lifetime fecundity | −0.185 | <0.001 * | 0.237 | <0.001 * | −0.127 | 0.006 * |
Oviposition period | −0.097 | 0.035 * | −0.043 | 0.346 | 0.009 | 0.839 |
Mating frequency | −0.060 | 0.196 | 0.203 | <0.001 * | −0.059 | 0.198 |
Mating percentage | −0.057 | 0.219 | 0.186 | <0.001 * | −0.022 | 0.629 |
Female longevity | 0.120 | 0.009 * | −0.245 | <0.001 * | 0.129 | 0.005 * |
Male longevity | 0.048 | 0.297 | 0.000 | 0.992 | 0.055 | 0.231 |
Ovarian development grade | −0.107 | 0.020 * | 0.239 | <0.001 * | −0.066 | 0.154 |
Parameters | Population | JHA Treatment | Age (Days after Emergence) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
Preoviposition period (days) | Residents | JHA | 3.97 ± 0.13 b | 4.90 ± 0.19 a | 5.08 ± 0.21 a | 5.24 ± 0.25 a |
Control | 5.93 ± 0.28 a | 5.67 ± 0.25 a | 5.73 ± 0.30 a | 5.87 ± 0.23 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 4.97 ± 0.18 b | 6.17 ± 0.21 a | 5.89 ± 0.31 a | 6.07 ± 0.26 a | |
Control | 7.07 ± 0.32 a | 6.68 ± 0.33 a | 6.86 ± 0.40 a | 6.87 ± 0.34 a | ||
Lifetime fecundity (per female) | Residents | JHA | 1125.52 ± 62.56 a | 971.90 ± 50.04 ab | 879.62 ± 63.43 b | 867.93 ± 74.02 b |
Control | 778.43 ± 59.67 a | 791.27 ± 66.55 a | 769.40 ± 63.69 a | 751.43 ± 48.26 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 962.40 ± 47.12 a | 756.17 ± 66.55 ab | 749.45 ± 65.45 b | 754.03 ± 64.56 ab | |
Control | 670.40 ± 64.29 a | 636.71 ± 78.41 a | 653.03 ± 75.56 a | 636.07 ± 65.49 a | ||
Oviposition period (days) | Residents | JHA | 5.50 ± 0.28 a | 5.58 ± 0.32 a | 6.08 ± 0.35 a | 5.48 ± 0.26 a |
Control | 6.17 ± 0.35 a | 5.70 ± 0.37 a | 6.27 ± 0.31 a | 6.21 ± 0.31 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 5.23 ± 0.23 a | 5.60 ± 0.43 a | 5.66 ± 0.44 a | 5.53 ± 0.33 a | |
Control | 5.53 ± 0.43 a | 5.46 ± 0.50 a | 5.03 ± 0.40 a | 5.57 ± 0.46 a | ||
Mating frequency | Residents | JHA | 1.37 ± 0.11 a | 1.16 ± 0.13 a | 0.96 ± 0.12 a | 0.93 ±0.14 a |
Control | 0.73 ± 0.11 a | 0.80 ± 0.11 a | 0.77 ± 0.13 a | 0.67 ± 0.11 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 1.07 ± 0.12 a | 0.87 ± 0.12 a | 0.93 ± 0.12 a | 0.90 ± 0.11 a | |
Control | 0.70 ± 0.12 a | 0.61 ± 0.12 a | 0.72 ± 0.13 a | 0.83 ± 0.13 a | ||
Mating percentage (%) | Residents | JHA | 96.67 ± 3.33 a | 83.87 ± 6.72 a | 80.77 ± 7.88 a | 72.41 ± 8.45 a |
Control | 66.67 ± 8.75 a | 70.00 ± 8.23 a | 63.33± 8.95 a | 60.00 ± 4.44 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 83.33 ± 6.92 a | 70.00 ± 8.51 a | 79.31 ± 7.66 a | 76.67 ± 7.85 a | |
Control | 60.00 ± 9.10 a | 53.57 ± 9.60 a | 58.62 ± 9.31 a | 66.67 ± 8.75 a | ||
Female longevity (days) | Residents | JHA | 9.10 ± 0.32 b | 10.48 ± 0.35 a | 11.63 ± 0.33 a | 10.72 ± 0.32 a |
Control | 12.10 ± 0.41 a | 11.23 ± 0.35 a | 11.69 ± 0.36 a | 11.36 ± 0.38 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 10.23 ± 0.27 b | 11.80 ± 0.46 a | 11.55 ± 0.45 ab | 11.43 ± 0.41 ab | |
Control | 12.70 ± 0.42 a | 11.89 ± 0.50 a | 11.79 ± 0.44 a | 12.37 ± 0.51 a | ||
Male longevity (days) | Residents | JHA | 14.73 ± 0.90 a | 13.48 ± 0.70 a | 13.80 ± 0.94 a | 13.28 ± 0.82 a |
Control | 13.67 ± 0.64 a | 14.43 ± 0.67 a | 13.10 ± 0.54 a | 13.37 ± 0.49 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 13.57 ± 0.39 a | 13.00 ± 0.72 a | 14.38 ± 0.88 a | 15.00 ± 0.41 a | |
Control | 13.23 ± 0.61 a | 14.04 ± 0.75 a | 14.55 ± 0.76 a | 15.17 ± 0.94 a | ||
Ovarian development grade | Residents | JHA | 4.77 ± 0.08 a | 4.65 ± 0.09 a | 4.54 ± 0.10 a | 4.55 ± 0.09 a |
Control | 4.30 ± 0.09 a | 4.37 ± 0.09 a | 4.37 ± 0.09 a | 4.33 ± 0.09 a | ||
Migrants | JHA | 4.63 ± 0.09 a | 4.43 ± 0.09 a | 4.41 ± 0.09 a | 4.40 ± 0.09 a | |
Control | 4.23 ± 0.08 a | 4.25 ± 0.08 a | 4.34 ± 0.09 a | 4.30 ± 0.09 a |
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Lv, W.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, Z.; He, H.; Wang, F.; **e, X. Effects of Juvenile Hormone Analog and Days after Emergence on the Reproduction of Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations. Insects 2022, 13, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13060506
Lv W, Zeng L, Zhang Z, He H, Wang F, **e X. Effects of Juvenile Hormone Analog and Days after Emergence on the Reproduction of Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations. Insects. 2022; 13(6):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13060506
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Weixiang, Liting Zeng, Zhe Zhang, Hengguo He, Fang Wang, and **ngcheng **e. 2022. "Effects of Juvenile Hormone Analog and Days after Emergence on the Reproduction of Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations" Insects 13, no. 6: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13060506