Migration of Artificial Turf Fibers from Artificial Turf Sports Field and Their Ingestion by Goldfish
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Structure of the Artificial Turf Sports Field of International Christian University
2.2. Sampling of Fibers in the Field and Ditch
2.3. Goldfish
2.4. Experiment 1 (Ingestion of Artificial Turf Fibers by Large-Sized Goldfish in the Presence or Absence of Feed)
2.5. Experiment 2 (Ingestion of Artificial Turf Fibers by Small-Size Goldfish in the Presence or Absence of Feed)
3. Results
3.1. Migration of Artificial Turf Fibers from the Field to Ditch
3.2. Experiment 1 (Ingestion of Artificial Turf Fibers by Large-Sized Goldfish in the Presence or Absence of Feed)
3.3. Experiment 2 (Ingestion of Artificial Turf Fibers by Small-Sized Goldfish in the Presence or Absence of Feed)
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MP | Microplastic |
ATF | Artificial turf fiber |
ATSF | Artificial turf sports field |
RT | Rubber tip |
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Takahashi, K.; Fu**uma, R.; Yoshitomi, T.; Shimizu, Y.; Kobayashi, M. Migration of Artificial Turf Fibers from Artificial Turf Sports Field and Their Ingestion by Goldfish. Environments 2023, 10, 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120222
Takahashi K, Fu**uma R, Yoshitomi T, Shimizu Y, Kobayashi M. Migration of Artificial Turf Fibers from Artificial Turf Sports Field and Their Ingestion by Goldfish. Environments. 2023; 10(12):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120222
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakahashi, Kanoko, Ryosuke Fu**uma, Tomoyasu Yoshitomi, Yasuo Shimizu, and Makito Kobayashi. 2023. "Migration of Artificial Turf Fibers from Artificial Turf Sports Field and Their Ingestion by Goldfish" Environments 10, no. 12: 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10120222