Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE)
2.3. Solid-Liquid Extraction
2.4. Determination of Total Polyphenols
2.5. Total Flavonoid Contents
2.6. Determination of Anthocyanin
2.7. Total Condensed Tannin Contents (Proanthocyanidin)
2.8. DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay
2.9. Antimutagenic Test: Comet Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
UAE | Ultrasound-assisted extraction |
dw | Dry weight |
DPPH | 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
CE | Catechin Equivalents |
Cya3GE | Cyanidin-3-Glucoside equivalents |
QUE | Quercetin Equivalents |
μg | microgram |
EMS | Ethyl methane sulfonate |
DMSO | dimethylsulfoxide |
S-L | Solid-liquid extraction |
CA | Concentration of Anthocyanin |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
TRIS | trisaminomethane |
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Time of Sonication | Solids Yield, g/100 g dw | Polyphenols mg GAE/g dw | Flavonoids mg CE/g dw | Anthocyanins mg Cya3G)/g dw | Tannins mg CE/g dw | DPPH, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red Calyx | ||||||
20 | 9.98 ± 0.39 a | 11.464 ± 0.90 a | 2.201 ± 0.33 a | 1.271 ± 0.54 a | 0.344 ± 0.16 a | 18.40 ± 10.54 a |
40 | 14.28 ± 2.77 a | 12.711 ± 0.11 b | 4.186 ± 1.03 b | 1.855 ± 1.07 b | 0.368 ± 10.15 a | 34.36 ± 2.19 b |
60 | 20.84 ± 2.26 b | 13.019 ± 0.12 b | 4.416 ± 1.04 b | 1.804 ± 1.05 b | 0.592 ± 0.02 b | 74.58 ± 6.62 c |
120 | 28.44 ± 2.26 c | 12.947 ± 0.18 b | 4.981 ± 0.88 b | 1.763 ± 1.02 b | 0.745 ± 0.038 b | 72.07 ± 1.27 c |
(S-L) * | 33.00 ± 1.697 | 65.287 ± 0.015 | 0.448 ± 0.084 | 0.902 ± 0.151 | 0.188 ± 0.002 | 52.89 ± 4.31 |
White Calyx | ||||||
20 | 6.64 ± 0.89 a | 4.914 ± 0.015 ª | 0.582 ± 0.48 ª | 0.00 ± 0.05 a | 0.003 ± 0.02 a | 12.76 ± 3.35 a |
40 | 6.42 ± 8.51 a | 12.581 ± 0.11 b | 3.525 ± 1.34 ª | 0.003 ± 0.01 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 8.11 ± 1.60 a |
60 | 13.74 ± 5.12 ª | 12.744 ± 0.08 b,c | 4.527 ± 0.85 b | 0.005 ± 0.00 a | 0.021 ± 0.0 b | 36.95 ± 0.41 b |
120 | 21.94 ± 5.80 a | 12.953 ± 0.08 c | 4.868 ± 2.01 b | 0.00 ± 0.07 a | 0.049 ± 0.01 c | 35.29 ± 5.55 b |
(S-L) * | 20.00 ± 2.828 | 57.244 ± 3.341 | 0.217 ± 0.018 | 0.005 ± 0.00 | 0.000 ± 0.00 | 24.64 ± 12.297 |
Extraction Conditions | Solid Yield % | Phe | Fla | Anth | Tan | DPPH % | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg/g dw(*) | |||||||
Ultrasound assisted extraction | |||||||
- 500 mg, 50 mL (ratio 1:10), Ethanol-water 80:20, 30 °C, 20 min | --- | 6.90 | 4.05 | 17.53 | --- | --- | [35] |
- Red dried calyces 1.5 g, solid: liquid ratio 230 g/Lt, ethanol-water (26.1–41.7) % (v/v), 426.9 W, 20 kHz, 45 min | --- | --- | --- | 52.94 | --- | --- | [36] |
- Roselle dried calyx, solid-liquid ratio 1:25 (g/mL), Temperature 50 °C, time 22.5–45 min, ultrasonic power 80 W | --- | --- | --- | 5.66 | --- | --- | [37] |
Solid- Liquid Extraction | |||||||
- 20 g, 250 mL ethanol, 72 h. | 12.8 | 27.6 | 33.8 | --- | --- | 69.00 | [33] |
- 2.5 Red Purple, dry calyces, 25 mL Ethanol: water solutions (50:50 and 70:30 %, v/v), 2 h. | --- | 26.49 | --- | 2.21 | --- | --- | [38] |
- 2.5 g light red dry calyxes, 100 mL water, boiled 15 min | --- | 15.5 | --- | 4.52 | 0.43 | 65.00 | [34] |
- 2.5 g dark red dry calyces, 100 mL water, boiled 15 min | --- | 36.50 | --- | 10.99 | 1.04 | 85.00 | [34] |
- 2.5 g white dry calyxes (“Alma blanca”), 100 mL water, boiled 15 min | --- | 13.5 | --- | 0.20 | 0.24 | 65.00 | [34] |
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Peredo Pozos, G.I.; Ruiz-López, M.A.; Zamora Nátera, J.F.; Álvarez Moya, C.; Barrientos Ramírez, L.; Reynoso Silva, M.; Rodríguez Macías, R.; García-López, P.M.; González Cruz, R.; Salcedo Pérez, E.; et al. Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020560
Peredo Pozos GI, Ruiz-López MA, Zamora Nátera JF, Álvarez Moya C, Barrientos Ramírez L, Reynoso Silva M, Rodríguez Macías R, García-López PM, González Cruz R, Salcedo Pérez E, et al. Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(2):560. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020560
Chicago/Turabian StylePeredo Pozos, Gregorio Iván, Mario Alberto Ruiz-López, Juan Francisco Zamora Nátera, Carlos Álvarez Moya, Lucia Barrientos Ramírez, Mónica Reynoso Silva, Ramón Rodríguez Macías, Pedro Macedonio García-López, Ricardo González Cruz, Eduardo Salcedo Pérez, and et al. 2020. "Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process" Applied Sciences 10, no. 2: 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020560