Microalgae: Potential for Bioeconomy in Food Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biodiversity
3. Nutritional Composition
3.1. Proteins
3.2. Carbohydrates
3.3. Lipids and Fatty Acids
3.4. Vitamins, Pigments, and Antioxidants
4. Animal Feed
5. Applications in Human Nutrition
6. Agriculture
7. Microalgae Production in Colombia
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Application | Microalga | Product | Conclusion | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human food | Crypthecodinium cohnii | Yogurt with microalgae oil | Addition of microalgae oil increases DHA in the diet. | [124] |
Arthrospira maxima | Biomass | Mass production of dry biomass (1 g/L) was accomplished by outdoor scale-up. | [125] | |
Animal feed | Scenedesmus sp. | Rotifer food | Increased population density was observed after feeding with Scenedesmus sp. | [126] |
Chlorella sp. | Zooplankton food (Macrothrix spinosa) | M. spinosa fed with Chlorella sp. showed better performance. | [127] | |
Cylindrotheca closterium, Entomoneis alata, Plagiotropis lepidoptera, Komvophoron crassum, Synechococcus sp., Tetraselmis chuii | Food in marine aquaculture | Benthic microalgae showed potential for use as feed in marine aquaculture. | [113] | |
Agriculture | Gloeocapsa sp., Oscillatoria amphibia | Biofertilizer for rice, corn, and bean crops | Gloeocapsa sp. increased growth in rice plants by 15.0%. | [112] |
Consortium of Microcystis aeruginosa, Synechococcus rubescens, Cyanobium gracile | Biofertilizer for gulupa crop | The results were similar to those of a traditional organic treatment. | [128] | |
Other uses | Chlorella vulgaris | Lipid and carbohydrate production | Increased carbohydrates and lipids levels after addition of acetate, carbonate, and phosphate. | [129] |
Botryococcus braunii | Fatty acids and exopolysaccharides | Galactose was the main component of exopolysaccharides (71.73%). | [130] | |
Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. | Polyunsaturated fatty acids | Oleic acid was the major fatty acid present (28.75%). | [131] | |
Scenedesmus sp. | Carotenoids | C:N ratio affected biomass and carotenoid production. | [132] | |
Haematococcus pluvialis | Astaxanthin | The highest astaxanthin production was obtained in RM growth medium (8.3 μg/mL). | [133] | |
H. pluvialis | Astaxanthin | Higher concentrations of astaxanthin were obtained when limiting nitrogen and phosphorus. | [134] |
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Machado Sierra, E.; Serrano, M.C.; Manares, A.; Guerra, A.; Aranguren Díaz, Y. Microalgae: Potential for Bioeconomy in Food Systems. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11316. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311316
Machado Sierra E, Serrano MC, Manares A, Guerra A, Aranguren Díaz Y. Microalgae: Potential for Bioeconomy in Food Systems. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(23):11316. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311316
Chicago/Turabian StyleMachado Sierra, Elwi, María C. Serrano, Anderson Manares, Abraham Guerra, and Yani Aranguren Díaz. 2021. "Microalgae: Potential for Bioeconomy in Food Systems" Applied Sciences 11, no. 23: 11316. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311316