Intelligent Packaging for Real-Time Monitoring of Food-Quality: Current and Future Developments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Food Quality Indicators
2.1. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
2.2. Humidity
2.3. pH Changes
2.4. Temperature
2.5. Nitrogen Related Compounds
3. Methods for Real-Time Food Monitoring
3.1. O2 Detectors
3.2. CO2 Detectors
3.3. Specific Chemicals and pH Changes
3.4. Humidity Sensors
3.5. Time-Temperature Sensors
3.6. Biosensors for Bacteria Detection
4. Future Perspectives and Concluding Remarks
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensing Indicator | Working Principle | Main Applications |
---|---|---|
O2 | Luminescence-based Redox-based Colorimetric assay-based | Modified atmosphere packages |
CO2 | Luminescence-based Colorimetric assay-based | Modified atmosphere packages |
Humidity | Inductor and capacitor-based Colorimetric assay-based Photonic crystal-based | Modified atmosphere packages Dry food products |
pH | Colorimetric assay-based Electrochemical assay-based Photonic crystal-based | Meat, fish, and dairy products |
Temperature | Colorimetric assay-based | Frozen food products |
Nitrogen | Antibodies-based Colorimetric assay-based | Meat and fish products |
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Dodero, A.; Escher, A.; Bertucci, S.; Castellano, M.; Lova, P. Intelligent Packaging for Real-Time Monitoring of Food-Quality: Current and Future Developments. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083532
Dodero A, Escher A, Bertucci S, Castellano M, Lova P. Intelligent Packaging for Real-Time Monitoring of Food-Quality: Current and Future Developments. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(8):3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083532
Chicago/Turabian StyleDodero, Andrea, Andrea Escher, Simone Bertucci, Maila Castellano, and Paola Lova. 2021. "Intelligent Packaging for Real-Time Monitoring of Food-Quality: Current and Future Developments" Applied Sciences 11, no. 8: 3532. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083532