Permanent Deformation and Its Unified Model of Coal Gangue Subgrade Filler under Traffic Cyclic Loading
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Laboratory Testing Program
2.1. Tested Materials and Apparatus
2.2. Specimen Preparation and Testing Program
3. Permanent Deformation Analysis
3.1. Effect of Confining Pressure on the Permanent Deformation
3.2. Effect of Grading on the Permanent Deformation
3.3. Effect of Compaction Degree on the Permanent Deformation
4. Unified Model of Permanent Deformation
4.1. Comparative Analysis of Existing Models
4.2. Establishment of Unified Model for Permanent Deformation
4.3. Model Parameter Analysis
4.4. Model Validation
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Experimental grading was designed by using FMGE, and the well-grading limits of CGSF were captured based on the FMGE, i.e., the grading is uniform when 1.89 ≤ ≤ 2.63.
- (2)
- The relationship curve between and N can be divided into three stages, i.e., the rapid growth phase, the deceleration growth phase, and the approaching stability phase. N = 1000 can be used as a criterion for reaching the stable stage of CGSF, which can guide the later test loading and coal gangue subgrade engineering.
- (3)
- The effect of confining pressure on is related to the level of confining pressure. The effect of confining pressure on is significant when the confining pressure is smaller, whereas the influence of confining pressure on is smaller when the confining pressure is larger.
- (4)
- The influence of grading on of coal gangue samples is significant. With the increase of , first increases and then decreases, reflecting that there is an obvious optimal grading for coal gangue samples under cyclic loading.
- (5)
- The effect of compaction degree on of CGSF depends on the level of compaction degree. is hardly affected when the compaction degree is smaller, whereas increasing compaction degree has a significant effect on restraining when the compaction degree is bigger.
- (6)
- According to the analysis of the permanent deformation curve for CGSF, the unified calculation model of permanent deformation for CGSF under cyclic loading was established. Compared with the existing permanent deformation models, the proposed model in this paper can better describe the permanent deformation of CGSF under cyclic loading. Then, the model parameters were analyzed and the model was verified.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen Number | (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
DT01 | 2.37 | 50 | 93 |
DT02 | 2.37 | 100 | 93 |
DT03 | 2.37 | 150 | 93 |
DT04 | 2.37 | 50 | 90 |
DT05 | 2.37 | 50 | 96 |
DT06 | 2.61 | 50 | 93 |
DT07 | 2.13 | 50 | 93 |
DT08 | 1.89 | 50 | 93 |
Specimen Number | DT01 | DT02 | DT03 | DT04 | DT05 | DT06 | DT07 | DT08 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3.9085 | 2.8126 | 3.2501 | 4.9523 | 1.6604 | 12.1707 | 2.5312 | 3.7737 | |
0.0667 | 0.0550 | 0.0345 | 0.0432 | 0.0693 | 0.0323 | 0.0635 | 0.0482 | |
0.8159 | 0.7709 | 0.7050 | 0.7170 | 0.8585 | 0.3876 | 0.8570 | 0.7742 | |
7.3600 | 4.7367 | 4.4983 | 7.4476 | 3.2039 | 16.5600 | 4.6217 | 5.9533 | |
0.0033 | 0.0041 | 0.0102 | 0.0062 | 0.0031 | 0.0051 | 0.0033 | 0.0047 | |
0.6947 | 0.7091 | 0.5936 | 0.7042 | 0.6320 | 0.8911 | 0.6038 | 0.6182 | |
2.8128 | 2.2945 | 3.0339 | 4.4157 | 1.1584 | 11.2994 | 1.9108 | 3.2612 | |
0.4808 | 0.2584 | 0.1558 | 0.3216 | 0.2163 | 0.5537 | 0.2866 | 0.2850 | |
0.8560 | 0.8095 | 0.7321 | 0.7494 | 0.8980 | 0.4149 | 0.8937 | 0.8091 |
Specimen Number | DT01 | DT02 | DT03 | DT04 | DT05 | DT06 | DT07 | DT08 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.5179 | 4.8175 | 4.5371 | 7.5381 | 3.2774 | 16.7341 | 4.7171 | 6.0390 | |
178.5503 | 135.5844 | 55.5003 | 87.8797 | 193.5777 | 84.8601 | 172.0490 | 111.6893 | |
0.9165 | 0.9391 | 0.9031 | 0.9279 | 0.9104 | 0.9675 | 0.9034 | 0.9152 |
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Zhang, Z.-T.; Wang, Y.-H.; Gao, W.-H.; Hu, W.; Liu, S.-K. Permanent Deformation and Its Unified Model of Coal Gangue Subgrade Filler under Traffic Cyclic Loading. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074128
Zhang Z-T, Wang Y-H, Gao W-H, Hu W, Liu S-K. Permanent Deformation and Its Unified Model of Coal Gangue Subgrade Filler under Traffic Cyclic Loading. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(7):4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074128
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zong-Tang, Yan-Hao Wang, Wen-Hua Gao, Wei Hu, and Shun-Kai Liu. 2023. "Permanent Deformation and Its Unified Model of Coal Gangue Subgrade Filler under Traffic Cyclic Loading" Applied Sciences 13, no. 7: 4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074128