Application of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis in Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Recovering Salts in the Form of Acids and Bases
2.1. Inorganic Acid and Base Recovery from Salt Solutions
2.2. Organic Acid–Base Recovery from Salt Solution
3. CO2 Capture
4. Ammonia Nitrogen Production and Recovery
5. Ion Removal and Recovery from Wastewater
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | ED | Ion Exchange | BMED |
---|---|---|---|
additive | consume a lot of acid | consume a lot of acid and base | does not consume any acid and base |
product | produce a lot of salt waste liquid, the produced high-soda ash solution can be recycled | produces a lot of acid and base waste liquid, and it is difficult to recover | no waste liquid is produced, and the produced high-soda ash solution can be recycled |
production scale | capable of mass production | not suitable for mass production | capable of mass production of inorganic acids and bases; the market for organic acids and bases is expanding |
recycling effect | high recovery and high purity | the recovery efficiency is low; the purity is high | high recovery efficiency and purity |
Method | Operating Conditions | Boron Concentration | Efficiency | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
intermittent BMED | voltage: 12 V, current density: 6.36 A/m2, pH: 9.5–10.5, solution flow rate: 36 L/h | 680 mg B/L | SB = 98.6% βB = 86.5% | [115] |
Continuous BMED | Voltage: 12 V, current density: 6.36 A/m2, pH: 9.5–10.5, solution flow rate: 36 L/h reaction time: 5 cycle | 612 mg B/L | SB = 98.53% βB = 81.2% | [115] |
BMED | voltage: 30 V, reaction time: 3 h, membrane: QGO-P84 membrane | 1000 mg B/L | SB = 76.6% | [109] |
voltage: 30 V, reaction time: 3 h, membrane: Commercial membrane CJMA-3 | 1000 mg B/L | SB = 51.6% | [109] | |
voltage: 15 V, sample solution: 0.5 L 3 mM HCl-3 mM NaOH membrane: PC-bip membranes | 850 mg B/L | SB = 72.3% βB = 70.8% | [113] | |
voltage: 30 V, type of membrane: AHA membranes | 1000 mg B/L | SB = 97.8% βB = 39.1% | [114] | |
voltage: 30 V, sample solution: 2 L 5 mM HCl-5 mM NaOH | 1000 mg B/L | SB = 86.9% βB = 50.0% | [112] | |
voltage: 20 V, sample solution: 0.05 mol/L H3BO3-0.05 mol/L LiOH solution flow rate: 45–50 L/h, membrane: PC-Cell ED 640 04 model | 924 mg B/L 313 mg Li/L | SB = 77.5% βB = 54.0% | [110] | |
voltage: 20 V, sample solution: 0.05 moL/L H3BO3, 0.05 mol/L LiOH solution flow rate: 45–50 L/h, membrane: Mega EDR-Z-Full-V4 model | 976 mg B/L, 314 mg Li/L | SB = 81.0% βB = 38.8% | [110] | |
voltage: 25 V, sample solution: 3 mM HCl-3 mM NaOH solution flow rate: 50 L/h, membrane: Mega EDR-Z-FULL-V4 model | 812 ± 56.15 mg B/L | SB = 74.0% βB = 59.0% | [111] |
Method | Operating Conditions | Feed Solution | Efficiency | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
BMED | Voltage: 15 V, sample solution: 0.5 L 3 mM HCl, 3 mM NaOH membrane: PC-bip membranes | 250 mg Li/L | SLi = 99.6% βLi = 88.3% | [113] |
Voltage: 30 V, sample solution: 0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH membrane: AHA BP-1E membranes | 340 mg Li/L | SLi = 97.8% βLI = 20.0% | [114] | |
Voltage: 30 V, sample solution: 2 L 5 mM HCl, 5 mM NaOH | 340 mg Li/L | SLi = 94.7% βLi = 62.0% | [112] | |
Voltage: 20 V, sample solution: 0.05 moL/L H3BO3, 0.05 moL/L LiOH solution flow rate: 45–50 L/h, membrane: PC-Cell ED 640 04 model | 313 mg Li/L | SLi = 99.8% βLi = 86.4% | [110] | |
Voltage: 20 V, sample solution: 0.05 mol/L H3BO3, 0.05 mol/L LiOH solution flow rate: 45–50 L/h, membrane: Mega EDR-Z-Full-V4 model | 314 mg Li/L | SLi = 99.8% βLi = 50.2% | [110] | |
Voltage: 25 V, sample solution: 3 mM HCl, 3 mM NaOH solution flow rate: 50 L/h, membrane: Mega EDR-Z-FULL-V4 model | 256 ± 33.11 mg Li/L | SLi = 99.0% βLi = 73.0% | [111] |
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Luo, Y.; Liu, Y.; Shen, J.; Van der Bruggen, B. Application of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis in Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery: A Review. Membranes 2022, 12, 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090829
Luo Y, Liu Y, Shen J, Van der Bruggen B. Application of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis in Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery: A Review. Membranes. 2022; 12(9):829. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090829
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Yu, Yaoxing Liu, Jiangnan Shen, and Bart Van der Bruggen. 2022. "Application of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis in Environmental Protection and Resource Recovery: A Review" Membranes 12, no. 9: 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090829