Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management
Abstract
:1. Definition and Manifestations
2. Pathogenesis
2.1. Pathogeny and Host Defense
2.2. Macrolide-Resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP)
2.3. Co-Infection
3. Prediction and Early Recognition
3.1. Clinical Awareness and Confirmation of Macrolide Resistance
3.2. Early Identification of RMPP Cued by Cytokine Profiles
4. Management
4.1. Macrolides and Alternative Antibiotics
4.2. Immunomodulating Therapy
4.3. Flexible Bronchoscopy
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tong, L.; Huang, S.; Zheng, C.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, Z. Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 2824. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102824
Tong L, Huang S, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(10):2824. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102824
Chicago/Turabian StyleTong, Lin, Shumin Huang, Chen Zheng, Yuanyuan Zhang, and Zhimin Chen. 2022. "Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: Early Recognition and Management" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 10: 2824. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102824