Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Bioimaging
3. Nano-Drug Delivery Systems
3.1. Nano-Vehicles for Anticancer Drugs
3.2. Nanostructured Materials as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Antioxidant Drugs
4. Antimicrobial Materials
5. Gene Therapy
6. Biosensors
7. Tissue Engineering
8. Agriculture and Food Industry
9. Risks of Exposure to Nanomaterials
10. Global Market and Future of Nanomaterials
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nanomaterial | Functionalization | Cell Lines | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Graphene-based nanosheets | Surface functionalization by bio-compatible targeting ligands and coatings | MDA-MB-468 (MCF-7) | [70] |
Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets | Chitosan; PLGA, PEG functionalization | Breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468), HeLa uterine cancer cells, human lung cancer cells | [71] |
Transition metal nanoparticles decorated with polymers | Polymer functionalization | Mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer cell xenografts | [72] |
Lanthanide-activated nanoparticles | Do** with lanthanide | Cancer cells xenografted in mice | [73] |
Group IV quantum dots | Surface functionalization | Various cancer cell types | [74] |
Graphene oxide nanosheets | Surface functionalization | Tumor cells | [75] |
Peptide-based nanoparticles | Chemical functionalization | Peptide-treated HeLa cells preloaded with Hg2+ | [76] |
Silver nanoparticles | Aptamer conjugation | Leukemia cells, neural stem cells, kidney tissue, renal carcinoma cells | [77] |
Gold nanoprisms | Conjugation with polyethylene glycol | Gastrointestinal carcinoma cells (HT 29) | [78] |
Gold nanorods | Encasing by mesoporous silica | Carcinoma cells | [79] |
Magnetofluroscentnanoprobe | Surface functionalization | Human Breast Cancer (MCF-7), HeLa cells | [80] |
Dye-loaded nanoemulsions | Lipids conjugation with polyethylene glycol | Human colon cancer (HCT116), HeLa cells | [81] |
Cadmium telluride quantum dots | Cap** by shells | Human bronchial epithelial cells | [82] |
Nanocarrier | Loaded Drug | Therapeutic Action | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Metal-based nanoparticles | |||
Gold nanoparticles | Doxorubicin | Anticancer effect in HeLa cells | [93] |
Gold nanoparticles | Theophylline (THP), 1,3-dipropyl-8- cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) | Neuron reconstruction in vivo | [94] |
Silver nanoparticles | Methotrexate-coated PEG | Anticancer effect in MCF-7 cells | [95] |
Metal oxide-based nanoparticles | |||
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Doxorubicin | Anticancer effect in HeGP2 and Lo2 cells. | [96] |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Fluorouracil | Anticancer effect in MCF-7 cells | [97] |
Carbon-based nanoparticles | |||
Multilayer carbon nanotubes | Dexamethasone | Anti-inflammatory effect in Highly-Aggressively Proliferating Immortalized cells (HAPI) | [98] |
Single-layer carbon nanotubes | Cisplatin | Anticancer effect in head and neck squamous carcinoma in vivo and in vitro | [99] |
Quantum dots | |||
Ag–In–Zn–S quantum dots modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, L-cysteine, lipoic acid, and decorated with folic acid | Doxorubicin | Anticancer effect in A549 cells (human alveolar basal epithelial cells) | [100] |
Nano-clays | |||
Laponite nanoplates | Anionic dexamethasone | Anti-inflammatory effect in MG-63 osteoblast-like cells | [101] |
Dendrimers | |||
Poly-amido-amine dendrimers | Methotrexate | Anticancer effect in methotrexate -sensitive and resistant human acute lymphoblastoid leukemia (CCRF-CEM) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells | [102] |
Polymeric nanoparticles | |||
Poly-lactic acid | Paclitaxel | Anticancer effect in a mouse model of ovarian cancer in vivo. | [103] |
Chitosan | Tacrine | Therapeutic effect in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease in vivo (preclinical study) | [104] |
Liposomes | |||
Liposomes | Dexamethasone phosphate | Anti-inflammatory effect in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis in vivo. | [105] |
Liposomes | Cetuximab and oxaliplatin | Anticancer effect in mice xenografted with colon cancer cells in vivo | [106] |
Nanofibers | |||
Polyvinyl alcohol | PEG2000-Pt(IV) micelles and dichloroacetate | Anticancer effect in mice xenografted with cervical cancer cells in vivo | [107] |
Polylactic acid electrospun nanofibers | Doxorubicin | Anticancer effect in mice with secondary hepatic carcinoma in vivo | [108] |
Nanomaterial | Anticancer Drug | Targeted Cancer Cells | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Silver nanoparticles | Terminaliachebula | Breast cancer cells (MCF-7) | [126] |
Glycerylmonooleate nanostructures | Doxorubicin hydrochloride | Breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) | [127] |
Poly (3HB-co-4HB) biodegradable nanoparticles | Docetaxel | Breast and prostate cancer cells | [128] |
Carbon nanodots | Irinotecan | Breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) | [129] |
Polysaccharide nanoparticles | Lapatinib | Breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR) | [130] |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Doxorubicin | HepGP2 liver cancer cells and LO2 liver cells | [96] |
Fe3O4 nanoparticles | Fluorouracil | Tumor cells and in vitro analysis | [97] |
Porous silicon nanoparticles | Doxorubicin and siRNA | Prostate cancer cells | [131] |
Thermosensitiveliposomes coated with cetuximab | Doxorubicin | EGFR-expressing breast cancer cells | [132] |
Iron oxide nanoparticles | Cetuximab | A431 (epidermoid carcinoma) cell lines | [133] |
Nanomaterial | Antioxidant Agent | Applications | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Conjugates | Superoxide dismutase | Superoxide conversion to hydrogen peroxide | [150] |
Conjugates | Superoxide dismutase | Enhancing drug delivery to the brain | [151] |
Conjugates | Catalases | Hydrogen peroxide conversion to water | [152] |
Nanozymes | Catalases | Hydrogen peroxide conversion to water | [153] |
GSH-PEGDA oligomer nanoparticle | Glutathione peroxidase | Reduction of lipid hydroperoxides and conversion of hydrogen peroxides to water | [154] |
Liposomes | Vitamins | ROS scavenging and upregulation of antioxidant molecules | [155] |
Solid lipid nanoparticles | Carotenoids | Singlet oxygen quenching, formation of provitamin A carotenoids (free radical scavengers) | [156] |
Liposomes | Lycopene | Singlet oxygen quenching, formation of provitamin A carotenoids (free radical scavengers) | [155] |
Liposomes | Polyphenol flavonoid catechins | Free-radical scavengers, carcinogenic activity, inhibition of proinflammatory kinases | [157] |
Quercetin nanosuspensions | Quecetin | Protection against LDL oxidation | [157] |
Silica nanoparticles | Gallic acid | Rapid H-atom transfer to diphenyl picryl hydrazine | [158] |
Silica nanoparticles | 3,4-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzoic acid | Improved thermal and oxidative stability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites | [159] |
PEG-coated silver nanoparticles | Salvianolic acid | Improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and antioxidant activity in living cells | [160] |
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Poly-tannic acid | Good antioxidant activity | [161] |
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles | Morin | Potent quencher of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), HO· scavenger | [162] |
Ceria nanoparticles | Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dendron phospholipids | Biocompatibility, reduction of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress | [163] |
PLGA-PEG | Curcumin | Neuroprotection | [164] |
Function | Mode of Action | Nanomaterial | Target Microorganism | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antibacterial | Interaction with DNA, resulting in DNA replication inhibition ROS production Interaction with sulfur-containing proteins, leading to the inhibition of the activity of several enzymes | Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) | Bacillus subtilis | [171] |
Staphylococcus aureus | [172] | |||
Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative | [173] | |||
staphylococci | [174] | |||
Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) | Escherichia coli 0157:H7 | [175] | ||
Staphylococcus aureus | [176] | |||
Pseudomonas fluorescens | [177] | |||
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) | Bacillus subtilis | [178] | ||
Listeria monocytogenes | [179] | |||
Antifungal | Disruption of the cell membrane integrity | Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) | Candida spp. | [180] |
Penicillium expansum | [181] | |||
Aspergillus niger spp. | [182] | |||
Penicillium oxalicum | [183] | |||
Siver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) | Candida spp. | [184] | ||
Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [185] | ||
Candida albicans | [186] | |||
Antiviral | Inhibition of virus attachment to the host cell membrane | Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) | Human immunodeficiency virus | [187] |
Influenza virus | [188] | |||
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) | Herpes simplex virus | [189] | ||
Respiratory syncytial virus | [190] | |||
Titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) | Inactivation of bacteriophages | [191] | ||
Inactivation of Qβ and T4 bacteriophages | [192] | |||
Antiparasitic | Inhibition of promastigote proliferation and metabolic activity Generation of ROS that may inhibit parasitic infection | Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) | Leishmania tropica | [193] |
Leishmania infantum | [194] | |||
Entamoeba histolytica | [195] | |||
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) | Entamoeba histolytica | [196] | ||
Cryptosporidium parvum | [197] |
Nanomaterial | Dimentionality | Key Benefits | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Spherical metallic nanoparticles | Zero-dimensional (0D) | Immobilization of bio-receptors Improved analyte loading Strong catalytic characteristics | [226] |
Spherical quantum dots | Zero-dimensional (0D) | Excellent fluorescence, Charge carrier quantum confinement size-adjusted band energy | [227] |
Nanorods | One-dimensional (1D) | Excellent plasmonic materials Size-adjustable energy regulation to produce specific field responses | [228] |
Nanowires (1D) | One-dimensional (1D) | Superior charge conduction Strong sensing characteristics | [228] |
Carbon nanomaterials (1D and 2D) | One and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) | Superior charge conduction High functionalization potential | [229] |
Agriculture | Food Processing | Food Packaging | Supplements | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Detection of the specific molecule to estimate the enzyme-substrate interaction | Nanoencapsulation for bioavailability enhancement of nutraceuticals | Detection of foodborne chemicals and pathogens by fluorescent nanoparticles attached to antibodies | Nutrient absorption enhancement by nanosized powders | [274,275,276,277] |
Delivery of pesticides and fertilizers through nanocapsules | Flavor enhancement using nanoencapsulation | Monitoring of temperature, moisture, and time using nanosensors | Cellulose nanocrystals function as drug carrier | [278,279,280,281] |
Controlled delivery of growth hormones | Nanoparticles used as viscosifying agents | Ethylene detection by electrochemical nanosensors | Nutraceutical nanoencapsulation for enhancement of absorption and stability | [83,281,282,283] |
Crop growth and soil condition monitoring using nanosensors | Replacement of meat cholesterol by plant-based steroid containing nanocapsules | Surface coated nanoparticles for antifungal and antimicrobial effect | Coiled nanoparticles (nano-cochleate) for cellular delivery of nutrients | [83,265,284,285] |
Nanosensors for detection of plant and animal pathogens Vaccine delivery using nanocapsules | Removal of pathogens by selective binding of nanoparticles from food | Heat resistant films with silicate nanoparticles | Improvement of absorption by dispersing vitamin sprays to nanodroplets | [286,287,288,289] |
Nanoparticle Type | Toxicity Mechanism | Applications | Refs |
---|---|---|---|
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles | Genotoxicity, changes in protein expression, oxidative stress, cell viability, mitochondrial function | Polymers, biomaterials, fuel cells, paints, textiles, and coatings | [290,291,292,293] |
Gold nanoparticles | Non-toxic spherical core, relatively safe; lipid peroxidation, autophagy in lung fibroblasts | Contrast agents and drug carriers | [294,295] |
Copper oxide nanoparticles | Oxidative damage (stress), cytotoxicity (cell membrane integrity), nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and spleen toxicity | Antibacterial, semiconductors, heat transfer fluids, and contraceptive devices | [296,297,298,299] |
Silver nanoparticles | Oxidative stress, genotoxicity, cell viability decrease, nephrotoxicity, cell membrane integrity, lung toxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity | Wound dressing, prostheses, coating for surgical instruments, and antibacterial agents | [300,301,302,303] |
Zinc oxide nanoparticles | Mitochondrial dysfunction, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, cell membrane integrity, cell viability, cardiovascular toxicity, inflammation, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species production | Sunscreens, gas filters, UV detectors, wave filters, and body care products | [303,304,305,306] |
Iron oxide nanoparticles | Neurotoxicity, mitochondrial function alterations, genotoxicity, lung toxicity, hepatotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production, cell viability, and endothelial permeability | Diagnostic agents and drug carriers | [307,308,309] |
Titanium nanoparticles | Reactive oxygen species production, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immune function changes, lung toxicity, spleen toxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity | Coloring and pigment agents | [303,304] |
Carbon-based nanoparticles and fullerenes | Cell membrane integrity, cell viability, bone toxicity, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, spleen toxicity, cardiotoxicity, epigenetic toxicity, skin toxicity, carcinogenesis, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity | Drug carriers | [310,311,312,313] |
Polymeric nanoparticles | Non-toxic, relatively safe, non-inflammatory, non-immunologic, and least toxic | Drug carriers | [314,315] |
Nickel oxide nanoparticles | Apoptosis and lipid peroxidation increase | Antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic | [316,317,318,319,320] |
Cerium oxide nanoparticles | Apoptosis, cell membrane damage, p38-NRF2 signaling, and inflammation | Antimicrobial, corrosion protection, polishing, and solar cells | [321,322,323,324] |
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Harish, V.; Tewari, D.; Gaur, M.; Yadav, A.B.; Swaroop, S.; Bechelany, M.; Barhoum, A. Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030457
Harish V, Tewari D, Gaur M, Yadav AB, Swaroop S, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(3):457. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030457
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarish, Vancha, Devesh Tewari, Manish Gaur, Awadh Bihari Yadav, Shiv Swaroop, Mikhael Bechelany, and Ahmed Barhoum. 2022. "Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications" Nanomaterials 12, no. 3: 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030457