Advancements and Prospects in Perovskite Solar Cells: From Hybrid to All-Inorganic Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hybrid Perovskite Structure and Its Components
Advances in Lead-Based Hybrid Perovskites
3. Fully Inorganic Perovskites
4. Low-Lead and Lead-Free All-Inorganic Perovskites
4.1. Tin-Based Perovskites
4.2. Germanium-Based Perovskites
4.3. Bismuth-Based Perovskites
4.4. Antimony-Based Perovskites
4.5. Titanium-Based Perovskites
4.6. Copper-Based Perovskites
4.7. Double Perovskites and Bulk Heterojunction
5. Degradation Mechanisms
6. Encapsulation
7. Final Considerations
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cations | Ionic Radius (Å) | Electronic Configuration |
---|---|---|
Pb2+ | 1.19 | 6s2 |
Sn2+ | 1.02 | 5s2 |
Ge2+ | 0.73 | 4s2 |
Bi3+ | 1.03 | 6s2 |
Sb3+ | 0.76 | 5s2 |
Sn4+ | 0.69 | 4d10 |
Ti4+ | 0.53 | 3p6 |
Cu2+ | 0.73 | 3d9 |
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Maziviero, F.V.; Melo, D.M.A.; Medeiros, R.L.B.A.; Oliveira, Â.A.S.; Macedo, H.P.; Braga, R.M.; Morgado, E., Jr. Advancements and Prospects in Perovskite Solar Cells: From Hybrid to All-Inorganic Materials. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14040332
Maziviero FV, Melo DMA, Medeiros RLBA, Oliveira ÂAS, Macedo HP, Braga RM, Morgado E Jr. Advancements and Prospects in Perovskite Solar Cells: From Hybrid to All-Inorganic Materials. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(4):332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14040332
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaziviero, Fernando Velcic, Dulce M. A. Melo, Rodolfo L. B. A. Medeiros, Ângelo A. S. Oliveira, Heloísa P. Macedo, Renata M. Braga, and Edisson Morgado, Jr. 2024. "Advancements and Prospects in Perovskite Solar Cells: From Hybrid to All-Inorganic Materials" Nanomaterials 14, no. 4: 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14040332