Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in Guangzhou: A Representative City of Southern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Clinical Information Characteristics of Patients Enrolled
2.2. Susceptibility of Microbial Antibiotic
2.3. Molecular Capsule Ty** and MLST
2.4. Phylogenetic Relatedness and Diversity of Non-Typeable H. influenzae
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Clinical Data Collection
4.2. Isolate Collection and Species Identification
4.3. Molecular Capsule Ty** and Multilocus Sequence Ty** (MLST)
4.4. Antimicrobial Susceptibility
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
H. influenzae | Haemophilus influenzae |
NTHi | non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae |
ST | sequence type |
COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
MLST | multilocus sequence ty** |
BLNAR | beta-lactmase-negative ampicillin resistance |
CLSI | Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute |
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Antibiotics | Susceptible vs. Intermediate vs. Resistant | Ampicillin-Resistant NTHi vs. Ampicillin-Sensitive NTHi |
---|---|---|
Ampicillin | 22 (27.5%) vs. 1 (1.25%) vs. 57 (71.25%) | |
Ampicillin–sulbactam | 45 (56.25%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 35 (43.75%) | 35 (61.4%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole | 35 (43.75%) vs. 2 (2.5%) vs. 43 (53.75%) | 34 (59.65%) vs. 10 (45.45%), p > 0.05 |
Cefuroxime | 44 (55%) vs. 6 (7.5%) vs. 30 (37.5%) | 30 (52.63%) vs. 2 (9.09%), p < 0.05 |
Chloramphenicol | 76 (95%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 4 (5%) | 4 (7.02%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Azithromycin | 67 (83.75%) vs. 0 (0%) 13 (16.25%) | 29 (50.88%) vs. 1 (4.54%), p < 0.05 |
Cefotaxime | 77 (96.25%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 3 (3.75%) | 7 (12.28%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Ciprofloxacin | 77 (96.25%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 3 (3.75%) | 5 (8.77%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Levofloxacin | 79 (98.75%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 1 (1.25%) | 3 (5.26%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Meropenem | 77 (96.25%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 3 (3.75%) | 7 (12.28%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Ceftriaxone | 77 (96.25%) vs. 0 (0%) vs. 3 (3.75%) | 4 (7.02%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Clarithromycin | 46 (57.5%) vs. 3 (3.75%) vs. 31 (38.75%) | 28 (49.12%) vs. 3 (13.63%), p < 0.05 |
Moxifloxacin | 78 (97.5%) vs. 1 (1.25%) vs. 1 (1.25%) | 3 (5.26%) vs. 0 (0%), p > 0.05 |
Region | Single or Multicenter | Cases | Population | Source | Duration | Total STs | Prevalent STs | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guangzhou | Single center | 66 | Not limited | Sputum, BALF | January 2020 to April 2021 | 35 | ST12 (17.14%) | This study |
ST1218 (5%) | ||||||||
ST143 (5%) | ||||||||
ST107 (5%) | ||||||||
ST103 (5%) | ||||||||
Bei**g | Multicenter | 190 | Children | Swab samples | January 2014 to December 2015 | 108 | ST408 (5.8%) | [4] |
ST914 (5.3%) | ||||||||
ST57 (4.7%) | ||||||||
ST834 (3.2%) | ||||||||
Shanghai | Single center | 51 | Adult patients | Not mentioned | July 2015 to June 2018 | 36 | ST103 (7.84%) | [6] |
ST57 (5.88%) | ||||||||
ST834 (5.88%) | ||||||||
Norway | Single center | 196 | Not mentioned | Eye, ear and respiratory tract samples | January 2007 to February 2007 | 70 | ST367 (14.79%) | [7] |
ST396 (8.16%) | ||||||||
ST201 (7.65%) | ||||||||
ST159 (6.12%) | ||||||||
ST14 (5.61%) | ||||||||
ST12 (4.08%) | ||||||||
ST395 (4.08%) | ||||||||
ST57 (3.06%) | ||||||||
USA | Multicenter | 165 | Children | Nasopharynx sample throat swab MEF | June 2006 to December 2009 | 70 | ST103 (11.5%) | [8] |
Japan | Multicenter | 28 | Children | Blood and CSF | 2008 to 2015 | 26 | ST3 (7.14%) | [9] |
ST84 (7.14%) | ||||||||
Italy | Single center | 67 | Not mentioned | Blood and CSF | January 2009 to December 2011 | 46 | ST103 (8.95%) | [10] |
ST139 (7.46%) | ||||||||
ST145 (7.46%) |
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Wen, S.; Mai, Y.; Chen, X.; **ao, K.; Lin, Y.; Xu, Z.; Yang, L. Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in Guangzhou: A Representative City of Southern China. Antibiotics 2023, 12, 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040656
Wen S, Mai Y, Chen X, **ao K, Lin Y, Xu Z, Yang L. Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in Guangzhou: A Representative City of Southern China. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(4):656. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040656
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen, Shuxian, Ying Mai, Xu Chen, Kun ** Lin, Zhenbo Xu, and Ling Yang. 2023. "Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in Guangzhou: A Representative City of Southern China" Antibiotics 12, no. 4: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12040656