A Review of the Developments of the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Airless Spraying on Complex Surfaces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Historical Overview of Paint Atomization Properties and Mechanisms
2.1. Mechanism Study of Atomization in Airless Spraying
2.2. Experimental Study of Atomization in Airless Spraying
3. Historical Overview of Paint Film Formation Properties and Mechanisms
3.1. Mechanism Study of Paint Film Formation in Airless Spraying
3.2. Experimental Study of Paint Film Formation in Airless Spraying
4. CFD Numerical Simulation in Airless Spraying
4.1. Classification of Numerical Simulation Models
4.1.1. Modeling of Multiphase Flow
4.1.2. Modeling of Turbulence
4.2. Research on Atomization Characteristics and Mechanisms
6.2. Discussion on Turbulence Models
7. Conclusions and Suggestions
- The complexity of the measuring means and expensiveness of measuring equipment makes it difficult to study the spraying process experimentally, so numerical simulations of airless spraying are a much more straightforward and feasible approach. From historical perspectives to current applications, CFD numerical simulations have demonstrated exceptional versatility and convenience, compared with experiments or empirical equations, and will continue to be a focus of research in this field.
- Numerical simulations have evolved to the point where numerous models for multiphase flows, turbulence, and wall-im**ement have been proposed to describe these behaviors. The accuracy of the spraying simulation of the same model for different processes shows variation; so does the accuracy of the spraying simulation of the same process predicted by different models. Overall, all multiphase flow and turbulence modeling approaches feature their advantages and disadvantages, and the researcher should choose an appropriate numerical model according to the focus of their research.
- Current studies of CFD numerical simulations are mainly focused on pneumatic atomizer and electrostatic rotary bell atomizers, whereas little research has been performed on airless spraying, especially its atomization process. Due to the difference in the atomization principle of the paint, the paint flow and deposition characteristics show variability, leading to a large gap in the accuracy and reliability of the various multiphase flow models or turbulence models in the numerical simulation during the spraying processes. Therefore, there is a strong need to carry out CFD numerical simulation studies on the atomization and film formation characteristics of airless spraying to provide theoretical references for the construction process.
- At present, more numerical simulation studies are focused on static spraying, or simply extend to constant parameter uniform-speed dynamic spraying research, lacking in-depth research on variable trajectory and variable parameter spraying, which is exactly what is needed in the actual spraying processes. All in all, it is necessary to conduct systematic studies of dynamic variable parameter airless spraying on complex surfaces, thereby solving the problem of robot spraying trajectory planning and film quality control.
- With the continuous progress of CFD technology, the future use of accomplishing the whole process numerical simulation of airless spraying from the initial atomization and spray transfer diffusion to the adhesion of film formation will definitely be a more advanced, more efficient and more promising research program.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Wu, Z.; Chen, Y.; Liu, H.; Hua, W.; Duan, J.; Kong, L. A Review of the Developments of the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Airless Spraying on Complex Surfaces. Coatings 2023, 13, 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122095
Wu Z, Chen Y, Liu H, Hua W, Duan J, Kong L. A Review of the Developments of the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Airless Spraying on Complex Surfaces. Coatings. 2023; 13(12):2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122095
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Zhaojie, Yan Chen, Huishu Liu, Weixing Hua, Jimiao Duan, and Linglan Kong. 2023. "A Review of the Developments of the Characteristics and Mechanisms of Airless Spraying on Complex Surfaces" Coatings 13, no. 12: 2095. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122095