Potentials of Polyacrylonitrile Substitution by Lignin for Continuous Manufactured Lignin/Polyacrylonitrile-Blend-Based Carbon Fibers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Precursor Fiber Spinning
2.3. Thermal Conversion
2.4. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
Influence of Lignin Contents
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AcL | Acetylated lignin |
LS | Lignosulfonate |
AcLi/LSi | Samples with weight percentage i of AcL resp. LS |
CFs | Carbon fibers |
DIN | German institute for standards |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
DMF | Dimethylformamide |
DSC | Differential scanning calorimetry |
DOAJ | Directory of open access journals |
HZi | Heating zone i |
MDPI | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
PAN | Polyacrylonitrile |
PF | Precursor fiber |
SI | Stabilization index |
TGA | Thermogravimetrical analysis |
DTG | Derivative Thermogravimetry |
SD | Standard deviation |
Appendix A
Label | Lig | [m] | [m] | [MPa] | [MPa] | E [GPa] | [GPa] | [%] | [%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 7.89 | 0.58 | 2379 | 379 | 207 | 9 | 1.19 | 0.19 | ||
1 | LS | 8.33 | 0.60 | 2062 | 332 | 175 | 14 | 1.25 | 0.17 | |
2 | LS | 8.43 | 0.85 | 1880 | 295 | 188 | 22 | 1.04 | 0.14 | |
10 | LS | 7.91 | 0.99 | 2242 | 311 | 216 | 15 | 1.09 | 0.13 | |
15 | LS | 8.54 | 1.22 | 1209 | 296 | 181 | 14 | 0.69 | 0.14 | |
1 | AcL | 8.16 | 1.02 | 2428 | 271 | 196 | 13 | 1.33 | 0.13 | |
2 | AcL | 8.85 | 0.89 | 2073 | 226 | 172 | 12 | 1.28 | 0.14 | |
5 | AcL | 8.14 | 1.06 | 2389 | 299 | 189 | 15 | 1.34 | 0.14 | |
10 | AcL | 7.50 | 1.48 | 2466 | 425 | 200 | 28 | 1.31 | 0.12 | |
10 | AcL | 8.20 | 1.09 | 2360 | 362 | 183 | 22 | 1.36 | 0.14 |
Label | Gamma Distribution of | Gamma Distribution Parameters of E | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | ||||
37.4 | 63.5 | 561 | 0.34 | |
37.6 | 54.8 | 157 | 1.12 | |
40.6 | 46.3 | 75.8 | 2.50 | |
53.2 | 42.1 | 214 | 1.00 | |
15.3 | 79.0 | 170 | 1.07 | |
78.2 | 31.0 | 254 | 0.77 | |
82.7 | 25.1 | 200 | 0.86 | |
65.2 | 36.6 | 147 | 1.29 | |
35.8 | 68.9 | 51.5 | 3.89 |
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Label | Lig | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 120 | 250 | 280 | 285 | 295 | 1400 | ||
1 | LS | 120 | 255 | 280 | 280 | 295 | 1400 | |
2 | LS | 120 | 245 | 280 | 290 | 295 | 1400 | |
5 | LS | 120 | 255 | 270 | 290 | 295 | 1400 | |
10 | LS | 120 | 255 | 260 | 285 | 300 | 1400 | |
15 | LS | 120 | 250 | 270 | 280 | 290 | 1400 | |
20 | LS | 120 | 250 | 260 | 290 | 295 | 1400 | |
1 | AcL | 120 | 255 | 280 | 280 | 295 | 1400 | |
2 | AcL | 120 | 245 | 280 | 290 | 295 | 1400 | |
5 | AcL | 120 | 245 | 280 | 285 | 295 | 1400 | |
10 | AcL | 120 | 255 | 270 | 285 | 295 | 1400 | |
10 | AcL | 120 | 250 | 260 | 285 | 300 | 1400 |
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Wolz, D.S.J.; Seidel-Greiff, R.; Behnisch, T.; Kruppke, I.; Kuznik, I.; Bertram, P.; Jäger, H.; Gude, M.; Cherif, C. Potentials of Polyacrylonitrile Substitution by Lignin for Continuous Manufactured Lignin/Polyacrylonitrile-Blend-Based Carbon Fibers. Fibers 2024, 12, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12060050
Wolz DSJ, Seidel-Greiff R, Behnisch T, Kruppke I, Kuznik I, Bertram P, Jäger H, Gude M, Cherif C. Potentials of Polyacrylonitrile Substitution by Lignin for Continuous Manufactured Lignin/Polyacrylonitrile-Blend-Based Carbon Fibers. Fibers. 2024; 12(6):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12060050
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolz, Daniel Sebastian Jens, Robert Seidel-Greiff, Thomas Behnisch, Iris Kruppke, Irina Kuznik, Paul Bertram, Hubert Jäger, Maik Gude, and Chokri Cherif. 2024. "Potentials of Polyacrylonitrile Substitution by Lignin for Continuous Manufactured Lignin/Polyacrylonitrile-Blend-Based Carbon Fibers" Fibers 12, no. 6: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib12060050