Genomic Diversity and Recombination Analysis of the Spike Protein Gene from Selected Human Coronaviruses
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Retrieval of Viral Genome Sequences
2.2. Genome Analyses of HCoVs
2.3. Recombination Pattern Analyses among HCoVs
3. Results
3.1. Genome Analyses of HCoVs
3.2. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.3. Recombination Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S. No. | Accession Number | Virus | Country | Year | % Identity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | AA | |||||
1 | NC_045512 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2019 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
2 | LC534419 | SARS-CoV-2 | Japan | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
3 | MT020781 | SARS-CoV-2 | Finland | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
4 | MT192759 | SARS-CoV-2 | Taiwan | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
5 | MT126808 | SARS-CoV-2 | Brazil | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
6 | MT093571 | SARS-CoV-2 | Sweden | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
7 | MT007544 | SARS-CoV-2 | Australia | 2020 | 99.9 | 98.8 |
8 | MW463458 | SARS-CoV-2 | Tunisia | 2021 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
9 | MW454390 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
10 | MT731346 | SARS-CoV-2 | Bahrain | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
11 | MT762944 | SARS-CoV-2 | Bangladesh | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
12 | MT919769 | SARS-CoV-2 | Philippines | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
13 | MW315213 | SARS-CoV-2 | Mexico | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
14 | MW491251 | SARS-CoV-2 | Myanmar | 2020 | 99.8 | 99.8 |
15 | MW527392 | SARS-CoV-2 | Iraq | 2021 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
16 | OM984850 | SARS-CoV-2 | Thailand | 2022 | 99.0 | 97.6 |
17 | OL405084 | SARS-CoV-2 | France | 2022 | 99.5 | 99.2 |
18 | OM064634 | SARS-CoV-2 | Brazil | 2021 | 99.8 | 99.5 |
19 | NC_004718 | SARS-CoV-1 | Canada | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
20 | AP006561 | SARS-CoV-1 | Taiwan | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
21 | AY864806 | SARS-CoV-1 | China | 2004 | 73.0 | 75.7 |
22 | KF514423 | SARS-CoV-1 | USA | 2009 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
23 | AY291315 | SARS-CoV-1 | Germany | 2003 | 73.0 | 75.5 |
24 | JQ316196 | SARS-CoV-1 | UK | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
25 | AY427439 | SARS-CoV-1 | Italy | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
26 | AB263618 | SARS-CoV-1 | Japan | 2006 | 72.9 | 75.3 |
27 | NC_038294 | MERS-CoV | England | 2012 | 45.9 | 25.8 |
28 | KJ614529 | MERS-CoV | Jordon | 2012 | 45.8 | 25.9 |
29 | KF192507 | MERS-CoV | UAE | 2013 | 45.8 | 25.8 |
30 | KR912196 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2014 | 45.8 | 25.8 |
31 | KT006149 | MERS-CoV | China | 2015 | 45.9 | 25.8 |
32 | MH978888 | MERS-CoV | South Korea | 2018 | 45.8 | 25.8 |
33 | MK280984 | MERS-CoV | Qatar | 2015 | 46.0 | 25.8 |
34 | KP223131 | MERS-CoV | USA | 2014 | 45.9 | 25.9 |
35 | KJ782549 | MERS-CoV | Greece/KSA | 2014 | 45.9 | 25.9 |
36 | KT156561 | MERS-CoV | Oman | 2013 | 45.9 | 25.9 |
37 | MH822886 | MERS-CoV | England/KSA | 2018 | 45.8 | 25.8 |
38 | NC_006213 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2004 | 40.9 | 26.3 |
39 | KX344031 | HCoV-OC43 | Mexico | 2011 | 40.8 | 26.4 |
40 | KF963244 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2014 | 40.7 | 26.1 |
41 | MN026164 | HCoV-OC43 | Kenya | 2018 | 40.7 | 26.2 |
42 | MG197723 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2016 | 40.8 | 26.2 |
43 | KX538979 | HCoV-OC43 | Malaysia | 2013 | 40.8 | 26.4 |
44 | LC315649 | HCoV-OC43 | Japan | 2016 | 40.7 | 26.2 |
45 | AY903458 | HCoV-OC43 | Belgium | 2004 | 40.5 | 26.3 |
46 | OK662397 | HCoV-OC43 | Finland | 2021 | 40.7 | 26.0 |
47 | OL770288 | HCoV-OC43 | Australia | 2019 | 40.7 | 26.4 |
48 | NC_005831 | HCoV-NL63 | Netherlands | 2004 | 37.5 | 19.8 |
49 | LC488388 | HCoV-NL63 | Japan | 2018 | 37.3 | 19.9 |
50 | JQ771059 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2010 | 37.7 | 19.6 |
51 | KX179496 | HCoV-NL63 | Haiti | 2015 | 37.5 | 19.6 |
52 | KM055650 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2008 | 37.6 | 19.6 |
53 | MG428706 | HCoV-NL63 | Kenya | 2010 | 37.6 | 19.6 |
54 | MG772808 | HCoV-NL63 | S. Korea | 2014 | 37.5 | 20.1 |
55 | NC_006577 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2004 | 40.2 | 25.1 |
56 | LC315651 | HCoV-HKU1 | Japan | 2016 | 40.6 | 25.2 |
57 | MH940245 | HCoV-HKU1 | Thailand | 2017 | 40.7 | 25.2 |
58 | HM034837 | HCoV-HKU1 | France | 2005 | 40.1 | 25.0 |
59 | KF686346 | HCoV-HKU1 | USA | 2010 | 40.2 | 25.0 |
60 | KF430197 | HCoV-HKU1 | Brazil | 2007 | 40.7 | 25.1 |
61 | NC_002645 | HCoV-229E | Germany | 2000 | 32.4 | 19.9 |
62 | KY369914 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2016 | 32.3 | 19.8 |
63 | KM055560 | HCoV-229E | China | 2009 | 32.5 | 19.8 |
64 | DQ243986 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2005 | 32.6 | 19.8 |
65 | AB691767 | HCoV-229E | Japan | 2008 | 32.5 | 19.8 |
66 | KF293666 | HCoV-229E | Sweden | 2013 | 32.4 | 19.8 |
67 | MH048989 | HCoV-229E | France | 2014 | 32.5 | 19.8 |
68 | JX503061 | HCoV-229E | Italy | 2009 | 32.6 | 19.9 |
69 | MF542265 | HCoV-229E | Haiti | 2016 | 32.4 | 19.8 |
70 | OK662398 | HCoV-229E | Finland | 2021 | 32.4 | 19.9 |
S. No. | Accession Number | Virus | Country | Year | % Identity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | AA | |||||
1 | KF958702 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.9 |
2 | KM027292 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
3 | KT806055 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.7 |
4 | MH306207 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2016 | 99.6 | 99.9 |
5 | MN723542 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2017 | 99.5 | 99.8 |
6 | MK483839 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2018 | 99.3 | 99.7 |
7 | MN120514 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2019 | 99.3 | 99.7 |
8 | KJ829365 | MERS-CoV | US/KSA | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
9 | KC776174 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2012 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
10 | KT861633 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
11 | MK052676 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
12 | MF741825 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2015 | 99.6 | 99.9 |
13 | KY688114 | MERS-CoV | Oman | 2015 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
14 | KJ477102 | MERS-CoV | Egypt | 2013 | 99.2 | 99.0 |
15 | KT182957 | MERS-CoV | S. Korea | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.7 |
16 | MK129253 | MERS-CoV | S. Korea | 2018 | 99.5 | 99.9 |
17 | KT036374 | MERS-CoV | China | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.9 |
18 | KT003530 | MERS-CoV | China | 2015 | 99.4 | 99.7 |
19 | KP209312 | MERS-CoV | UAE | 2013 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
20 | KP209313 | MERS-CoV | UAE | 2014 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
21 | KU201953 | MERS-CoV | Nigeria | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.4 |
22 | KF811036 | MERS-CoV | Tunisia | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
23 | KT225476 | MERS-CoV | Thailand | 2015 | 99.6 | 99.8 |
24 | KJ361500 | MERS-CoV | France | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
25 | KF192507 | MERS-CoV | Germany | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
26 | KJ813439 | MERS-CoV | USA | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
27 | KY983588 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2015 | 46.1 | 28.8 |
28 | MH121121 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2016 | 46.1 | 28.8 |
29 | KF530093 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 1983 | 46.2 | 28.7 |
30 | MW202339 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2018 | 45.7 | 28.5 |
31 | KF530083 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 1987 | 46.1 | 28.7 |
32 | KF923925 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2010 | 46.1 | 28.8 |
33 | KF572872 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2008 | 46.0 | 28.9 |
34 | KU745548 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2014 | 46.2 | 28.8 |
35 | OK500335 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2021 | 45.8 | 28.5 |
36 | OK500334 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2021 | 45.8 | 28.5 |
37 | AY585229 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2004 | 46.0 | 28.6 |
38 | KF963233 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2002 | 46.1 | 28.6 |
39 | KF963229 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 1967 | 46.0 | 28.6 |
40 | MK303625 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2018 | 45.8 | 28.5 |
41 | KX538964 | HCoV-OC43 | Malaysia | 2012 | 46.1 | 28.8 |
42 | AY903460 | HCoV-OC43 | Belgium | 2004 | 45.8 | 28.9 |
43 | FJ211861 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2008 | 38.8 | 18.3 |
44 | KY829118 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2015 | 39.0 | 18.3 |
45 | JQ765575 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2005 | 38.9 | 18.3 |
46 | KY554971 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2016 | 39.0 | 18.3 |
47 | MN306040 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2019 | 39.0 | 18.3 |
48 | MK334047 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2018 | 38.7 | 18.3 |
49 | OK073076 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2017 | 39.0 | 18.4 |
50 | JX524171 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2009 | 39.0 | 18.4 |
51 | JX104161 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2008 | 39.0 | 18.4 |
52 | DQ445911 | HCoV-NL63 | Netherlands | 2006 | 38.7 | 18.3 |
53 | DQ445912 | HCoV-NL63 | Netherland | 2006 | 38.8 | 18.3 |
54 | LC720428 | HCoV-NL63 | Japan | 2019 | 39.0 | 18.3 |
55 | OK625405 | HCoV-NL63 | S. Korea | 2017 | 38.9 | 18.3 |
56 | MZ682627 | HCoV-NL63 | S. Korea | 2017 | 38.9 | 18.3 |
57 | MN026166 | HCoV-NL63 | Kenya | 2018 | 38.8 | 18.3 |
58 | DQ437619 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2006 | 45.7 | 28.1 |
59 | KT779556 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2009 | 45.6 | 27.9 |
60 | AY884001 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2005 | 45.5 | 28.0 |
61 | DQ339101 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2005 | 45.5 | 28.1 |
62 | DQ415900 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2006 | 45.7 | 2.8.1 |
63 | MH557024 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2011 | 45.3 | 27.9 |
64 | MK167038 | HCoV-HKU1 | USA | 2017 | 45.5 | 28.0 |
65 | KF686340 | HCoV-HKU1 | USA | 2009 | 45.7 | 28.1 |
66 | KF514433 | HCoV-229E | USA | 1993 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
67 | MN306046 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2019 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
68 | AF344189 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2001 | 34.7 | 18.1 |
69 | AF344186 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2001 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
70 | KF514429 | HCoV-229E | USA | 1989 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
71 | KM055559 | HCoV-229E | China | 2005 | 34.9 | 18.3 |
72 | MW532107 | HCoV-229E | China | 2009 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
73 | MW532103 | HCoV-229E | China | 2017 | 34.7 | 18.1 |
74 | KM055544 | HCoV-229E | China | 2011 | 34.8 | 18.2 |
75 | KM055552 | HCoV-229E | China | 2007 | 34.8 | 18.2 |
76 | DQ243963 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2005 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
77 | DQ243979 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2002 | 34.8 | 18.3 |
78 | DQ243968 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2005 | 34.6 | 18.2 |
79 | KU291448 | HCoV-229E | Germany | 2015 | 34.8 | 18.1 |
80 | AB691766 | HCoV-229E | Japan | 2004 | 34.7 | 18.2 |
81 | KF293664 | HCoV-229E | Sweden | 2013 | 34.7 | 18.3 |
S. No. | Accession Number | Virus | Country | Year | % Identity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | AA | |||||
1 | MW181733 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
2 | MW181764 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
3 | MN908947 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2019 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
4 | MT049951 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
5 | MN996531 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2019 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
6 | MT512645 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
7 | MW035459 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
8 | MW310427 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
9 | MW374912 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
10 | MW486391 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2021 | 99.9 | 99.9 |
11 | MW251511 | SARS-CoV-2 | Tunisia | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
12 | MW404672 | SARS-CoV-2 | Tunisia | 2020 | 99.9 | 99.8 |
13 | OM984824 | SARS-CoV-2 | Thailand | 2022 | 99.0 | 97.6 |
14 | OM984776 | SARS-CoV-2 | Thailand | 2022 | 98.5 | 96.9 |
15 | OP684303 | SARS-CoV-2 | Vietnam | 2022 | 98.8 | 97.4 |
16 | ON025123 | SARS-CoV-2 | Vietnam | 2022 | 98.6 | 96.8 |
17 | AY291451 | SARS-CoV1 | Taiwan | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
18 | AY274119 | SARS-CoV1 | Canada | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
19 | AY463060 | SARS-CoV1 | China | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.4 |
20 | AY278489 | SARS-CoV1 | China | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.7 |
21 | AY390556 | SARS-CoV1 | China | 2003 | 73.0 | 75.8 |
22 | AY508724 | SARS-CoV1 | China | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
23 | AY282752 | SARS-CoV1 | China | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
24 | FJ882963 | SARS-CoV1 | USA | 2004 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
25 | GU553365 | SARS-CoV1 | USA | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
26 | AY714217 | SARS-CoV1 | USA | 2004 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
27 | MK062182 | SARS-CoV1 | USA | 2017 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
28 | MK062184 | SARS-CoV1 | USA | 2017 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
29 | AY348314 | SARS-CoV1 | Taiwan | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
30 | AY338175 | SARS-CoV1 | Taiwan | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
31 | AY310120 | SARS-CoV1 | Germany | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.5 |
32 | AY323977 | SARS-CoV1 | Italy | 2003 | 72.9 | 75.6 |
33 | KY983588 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2015 | 42.4 | 26.4 |
34 | MH121121 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2016 | 42.4 | 26.4 |
35 | KF530093 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 1983 | 42.7 | 26.6 |
36 | MW202339 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 2018 | 42.7 | 26.5 |
37 | KF530083 | HCoV-OC43 | USA | 1987 | 42.7 | 26.6 |
38 | KF923925 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2010 | 42.4 | 26.5 |
39 | KF572872 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2008 | 42.5 | 26.5 |
40 | KU745548 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2014 | 42.4 | 26.4 |
41 | OK500335 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2021 | 42.6 | 26.0 |
42 | OK500334 | HCoV-OC43 | China | 2021 | 42.6 | 26.0 |
43 | AY585229 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2004 | 42.7 | 26.5 |
44 | KF963233 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2002 | 42.8 | 26.5 |
45 | KF963229 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 1967 | 42.7 | 26.5 |
46 | MK303625 | HCoV-OC43 | France | 2018 | 42.8 | 26.5 |
47 | KX538964 | HCoV-OC43 | Malaysia | 2012 | 42.4 | 26.4 |
48 | AY903460 | HCoV-NL63 | Belgium | 2004 | 42.4 | 26.4 |
49 | FJ211861 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2008 | 38.2 | 18.7 |
50 | KY829118 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2015 | 38.5 | 18.6 |
51 | JQ765575 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2005 | 38.3 | 18.6 |
52 | KY554971 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2016 | 38.6 | 18.6 |
53 | MN306040 | HCoV-NL63 | USA | 2019 | 38.1 | 18.5 |
54 | MK334047 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2018 | 38.2 | 18.5 |
55 | OK073076 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2017 | 38.3 | 18.6 |
56 | JX524171 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2009 | 38.2 | 18.6 |
57 | JX104161 | HCoV-NL63 | China | 2008 | 38.3 | 18.6 |
58 | DQ445911 | HCoV-NL63 | Netherlands | 2006 | 38.4 | 18.7 |
59 | DQ445912 | HCoV-NL63 | Netherland | 2006 | 38.5 | 18.7 |
60 | LC720428 | HCoV-NL63 | Japan | 2019 | 38.2 | 18.6 |
61 | OK625405 | HCOV-NL63 | S. Korea | 2017 | 38.3 | 18.7 |
62 | MZ682627 | HCoV-NL63 | S. Korea | 2017 | 38.3 | 18.7 |
63 | MN026166 | HCoV-NL63 | Kenya | 2018 | 38.4 | 18.7 |
64 | DQ437619 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2006 | 42.2 | 24.8 |
65 | KT779556 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2009 | 42.2 | 24.8 |
66 | AY884001 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2005 | 42.2 | 25.0 |
67 | DQ339101 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2005 | 42.3 | 25.1 |
68 | DQ415900 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2006 | 42.2 | 24.8 |
69 | MH557024 | HCoV-HKU1 | China | 2011 | 42.2 | 25.0 |
70 | MK167038 | HCoV-HKU1 | USA | 2017 | 42.0 | 25.0 |
71 | KF686340 | HCoV-HKU1 | USA | 2009 | 42.2 | 24.8 |
72 | KF514433 | HCoV-229E | USA | 1993 | 33.0 | 19.6 |
73 | MN306046 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2019 | 32.7 | 19.6 |
74 | AF344189 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2001 | 32.8 | 19.6 |
75 | AF344186 | HCoV-229E | USA | 2001 | 32.9 | 19.5 |
76 | KF514429 | HCoV-229E | USA | 1989 | 33.0 | 19.6 |
77 | KM055559 | HCoV-229E | China | 2005 | 32.9 | 19.6 |
78 | MW532107 | HCoV-229E | China | 2009 | 32.8 | 19.6 |
79 | MW532103 | HCoV-229E | China | 2017 | 32.8 | 19.6 |
80 | KM055544 | HCoV-229E | China | 2011 | 32.9 | 19.6 |
81 | KM055552 | HCoV-229E | China | 2007 | 32.9 | 19.6 |
82 | DQ243963 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2005 | 32.9 | 19.5 |
83 | DQ243979 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2002 | 32.9 | 19.6 |
84 | DQ243968 | HCoV-229E | Australia | 2005 | 32.9 | 19.6 |
85 | KU291448 | HCoV-229E | Germany | 2015 | 32.8 | 19.5 |
86 | AB691766 | HCoV-229E | Japan | 2004 | 32.8 | 19.6 |
87 | KF293664 | HCoV-229E | Sweden | 2013 | 32.8 | 19.4 |
S. No. | Accession Number | Virus | Country | Year | % Identity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | AA | |||||
1 | KF958702 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.9 |
2 | KM027292 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
3 | KT806055 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.7 |
4 | MH306207 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2016 | 99.6 | 99.9 |
5 | MN723542 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2017 | 99.5 | 99.8 |
6 | MK483839 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2018 | 99.3 | 99.7 |
7 | MN120514 | MERS-CoV | KSA | 2019 | 99.3 | 99.7 |
8 | KJ829365 | MERS-CoV | USA/KSA | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
9 | KC776174 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2012 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
10 | KT861633 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
11 | MK052676 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
12 | MF741825 | MERS-CoV | Jordan | 2015 | 99.6 | 99.9 |
13 | KY688114 | MERS-CoV | Oman | 2015 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
14 | KJ477102 | MERS-CoV | Egypt | 2013 | 99.2 | 99.0 |
15 | KT182957 | MERS-CoV | S. Korea | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.7 |
16 | MK129253 | MERS-CoV | S. Korea | 2018 | 99.5 | 99.9 |
17 | KT036374 | MERS-CoV | China | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.9 |
18 | KT003530 | MERS-CoV | China | 2015 | 99.4 | 99.7 |
19 | KP209312 | MERS-CoV | UAE | 2013 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
20 | KP209313 | MERS-CoV | UAE | 2014 | 99.6 | 99.7 |
21 | KU201953 | MERS-CoV | Nigeria | 2015 | 99.5 | 99.4 |
22 | KF811036 | MERS-CoV | Tunisia | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
23 | KT225476 | MERS-CoV | Thailand | 2015 | 99.6 | 99.8 |
24 | KJ361500 | MERS-CoV | France | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.7 |
25 | KF192507 | MERS-CoV | Germany | 2013 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
26 | KJ813439 | MERS-CoV | USA | 2014 | 99.7 | 99.8 |
27 | MW837148 | SARS-CoV-2 | KSA | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
28 | NC_045512 | SARS-CoV-2 | China | 2019 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
29 | LC534419 | SARS-CoV-2 | Japan | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
30 | MT020781 | SARS-CoV-2 | Finland | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
31 | MT192759 | SARS-CoV-2 | Taiwan | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
32 | MT126808 | SARS-CoV-2 | Brazil | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
33 | MT093571 | SARS-CoV-2 | Sweden | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.6 |
34 | MT007544 | SARS-CoV-2 | Australia | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
35 | MW463458 | SARS-CoV-2 | Tunisia | 2021 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
36 | MW454390 | SARS-CoV-2 | USA | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
37 | MT731346 | SARS-CoV-2 | Bahrain | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
38 | MT762944 | SARS-CoV-2 | Bangladesh | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
39 | MT919769 | SARS-CoV-2 | Philippines | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
40 | MW315213 | SARS-CoV-2 | Mexico | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
41 | MW491251 | SARS-CoV-2 | Myanmar | 2020 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
42 | MW527392 | SARS-CoV-2 | Iraq | 2021 | 44.2 | 26.7 |
43 | OM984850 | SARS-CoV-2 | Thailand | 2022 | 44.0 | 26.6 |
44 | OL405084 | SARS-CoV-2 | France | 2022 | 44.0 | 26.6 |
45 | OM064634 | SARS-CoV-2 | Brazil | 2021 | 44.1 | 26.6 |
46 | NC_004718 | SARS-CoV1 | Canada | 2003 | 44.8 | 26.5 |
47 | AP006561 | SARS-CoV1 | Taiwan | 2003 | 44.9 | 26.5 |
48 | AY864806 | SARS-CoV1 | China | 2004 | 44.8 | 26.4 |
49 | KF514423 | SARS-CoV1 | USA | 2009 | 44.8 | 26.5 |
50 | AY291315 | SARS-CoV1 | Germany | 2003 | 44.9 | 26.6 |
51 | JQ316196 | SARS-CoV1 | UK | 2003 | 44.9 | 26.5 |
52 | AY427439 | SARS-CoV1 | Italy | 2003 | 44.9 | 26.5 |
53 | AB263618 | SARS-CoV1 | Japan | 2006 | 44.9 | 26.5 |
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Sohrab, S.S.; Alsaqaf, F.; Hassan, A.M.; Tolah, A.M.; Bajrai, L.H.; Azhar, E.I. Genomic Diversity and Recombination Analysis of the Spike Protein Gene from Selected Human Coronaviruses. Biology 2024, 13, 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040282
Sohrab SS, Alsaqaf F, Hassan AM, Tolah AM, Bajrai LH, Azhar EI. Genomic Diversity and Recombination Analysis of the Spike Protein Gene from Selected Human Coronaviruses. Biology. 2024; 13(4):282. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040282
Chicago/Turabian StyleSohrab, Sayed Sartaj, Fatima Alsaqaf, Ahmed Mohamed Hassan, Ahmed Majdi Tolah, Leena Hussein Bajrai, and Esam Ibraheem Azhar. 2024. "Genomic Diversity and Recombination Analysis of the Spike Protein Gene from Selected Human Coronaviruses" Biology 13, no. 4: 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040282